藻类在猪和鸡养殖生产中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.11.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 文章总结了畜禽生产中可利用的藻类及其营养成分，重点介绍了含藻饲料对以猪和鸡为代表的畜禽生长、免疫、肌肉品质、产蛋性能和禽蛋品质等方面的影响，还指出了藻类在畜禽饲料应用中存在的问题并提出建议，旨在为藻类资源在猪、鸡养殖生产中的广泛应用提供参考。藻类分布广、易生长、产量大，尤其是海藻，含有陆生植物不具有的生物活性物质和营养物质。将富含不饱和脂肪酸和色素的微藻添加到饲料中能改善畜禽肉品质，提升禽蛋品质；将富含多糖等活性物质的大型海藻添加到饲料中有助于提升畜禽免疫力。饲料中添加少量藻类可提高饲料稳定性，提升畜禽生长性能和饲料利用率；当藻类添加量过高时，其所含的抗营养因子会对畜禽产生负面影响，但通过适当的预处理可消除部分抗营养因子，减轻负面效应。

关键词: 藻类; 猪; 鸡; 生长; 免疫

Abstract: The kinds and nutritional components of the algae which available in livestock and poultry production were summarized in this paper.The effects of algae-containing feed on the growth,immunity,meat quality,egg-laying performance and egg quality of livestock and poultry which represented by pig and chicken were emphatically introduced.The problems existing in the application of algae in livestock and poultry and some suggestions were pointed out to provide reference for the wide application of algae resources in pig and chicken production.Algae are widely distributed,easy to grow and high-yielding,especially the marine algae,which contain bioactive substances and nutrients that terrestrial plants do not possess.Microalgae which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and pigments adding to the feed could improve the meat and egg quality of breeding animals.Macroalgae which is rich in polysaccharides and other bioactive substances adding to feed could improve the immunity of livestock and poultry.Adding a small amount of algae in feed could improve the feed stability,growth performance and feed utilization of livestock and poultry.Because of its anti-nutritional factors,excessive addition of algae to the feed will have a negative impact on livestock and poultry,but some anti-nutritional factors could be eliminated by proper pretreatment and the negative effects can be alleviated.

Key words: algae; pig; chicken; growth; immunization

中图分类号:

S816.35

宣雄智, 李文嘉, 李绍钰, 魏凤仙, 徐彬, 刘金根. 藻类在猪和鸡养殖生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(11): 3262-3269.

XUAN Xiongzhi, LI Wenjia, LI Shaoyu, WEI Fengxian, XU Bin, LIU Jingen. Advances in the Application of Algae in Pig and Chicken Production[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(11): 3262-3269.

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