哺乳动物精子线粒体研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.09.019

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2019, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 2651-2657.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.09.019

哺乳动物精子线粒体研究进展

徐冰冰¹, 张家新¹, 王瑞军^1,5, 王志英¹, 李学武¹, 宋国欣¹, 张美娜¹, 郭富强¹, 张俊杰¹, 张燕军¹, 苏蕊¹, 刘志红¹, 李金泉^1,2,3,4

1. 内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院, 呼和浩特 010018;
2. 动物遗传育种与繁殖自治区重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018;
3. 农业农村部肉羊遗传育种重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018;
4. 内蒙古自治区山羊遗传育种工程技术研究中心, 呼和浩特 010018;
5. 内蒙古金莱牧业科技有限责任公司, 呼和浩特 010018

收稿日期:2018-12-25 出版日期:2019-09-20 发布日期:2019-09-21
通讯作者: 张家新, 李金泉 E-mail:zjxcau@163.com;lijinquan_nd@126.com
作者简介:徐冰冰(1993-),女,辽宁朝阳人,博士生,研究方向:动物遗传育种与繁殖,E-mail:delicate_xbb@163.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目；内蒙古农业大学科技成果转化专项资金动植物品种选育（培育）项目

Research Progress on Mammalian Sperm Mitochondria

XU Bingbing¹, ZHANG Jiaxin¹, WANG Ruijun^1,5, WANG Zhiying¹, LI Xuewu¹, SONG Guoxin¹, ZHANG Meina¹, GUO Fuqiang¹, ZHANG Junjie¹, ZHANG Yanjun¹, SU Rui¹, LIU Zhihong¹, LI Jinquan^1,2,3,4

1. College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China;
4. Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China;
5. Inner Mongolia Jinlai Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010018, China

Received:2018-12-25 Online:2019-09-20 Published:2019-09-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 哺乳动物精子线粒体是维持精子活力的关键细胞器，对精子超激活运动、获能、顶体反应及受精等过程起到重要的调节作用。哺乳动物精子线粒体特有的形态特征与特异性酶异构体使其具有独特动力学和调节特性。精子线粒体中发生的氧化磷酸化过程是维持精子运动的重要途径，该过程产生的活性氧对精子功能的维持具有重要作用，但过量可能导致精子损伤，加速精子凋亡。哺乳动物精子质膜磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻和相关半胱氨酸蛋白酶激活级联反应引起细胞凋亡。区别于体细胞线粒体，精子线粒体钙信号可能并未参与精子固有的凋亡途径，作为衡量线粒体功能的敏感指标，其对线粒体膜电位和耗氧量的检测研究至关重要。哺乳动物精子线粒体具有自身的遗传系统，线粒体基因拷贝数可能作为无创衡量精子质量和受精能力的标记。作者重点阐述了哺乳动物精子线粒体的结构、线粒体鞘的形成及其生物功能，包括发生在线粒体中的氧化磷酸化过程、活性氧对精子的利与弊、线粒体参与钙稳态与细胞凋亡过程；介绍了线粒体膜电位和耗氧量的检测，简述了线粒体基因组的研究进展，为进一步探讨线粒体所涉及的精子功能机制奠定基础。

关键词: 精子; 线粒体; 氧化磷酸化; 钙稳态; 线粒体DNA

Abstract: Sperm mitochondria is the key organelles to maintain sperm motility for mammals,which play important roles in regulating sperm hyperactivation,capacitation,acrosome reaction and fertilization.The unique morphological characteristics and specific isomer enzyme of mammalian sperm mitochondria give them unique kinetics and regulation properties.The oxidative phosphorylation in sperm mitochondria is an important way to maintain sperm motility,and a proper amount of reactive oxygen produced during this process is crucial for maintaining sperm function,however,excessive level may lead to sperm damage and accelerate sperm apoptosis.Mammalian sperm plasma membrane phosphatidylserine valgus and related caspase activation cascades cause apoptosis.Interestingly,unlike somatic mitochondria,mitochondrial calcium signaling may not be involved in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway of sperm.Increasing studies focus on mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption which are believed to be sensitive indicators to evaluate mammalian sperm mitochondrial functions.Mammalian sperm mitochondria have their own genetic systems,and mitochondrial gene copy numbers may serve as markers for non-invasive measurement of sperm quality and fertility.This paper mainly reviews the structure of mammalian sperm mitochondria,the formation of mitochondrial sheath,and the relevant biological functions,including the oxidative phosphorylation process in mitochondria,the advantages and disadvantages of reactive oxygen species on sperm,and the involvement of mitochondria in calcium homeostasis and cell apoptosis.Apart from that,the studies related to mitochondrial membrane potential detection,oxygen consumption and mitochondrial genome were summarized,which provided a basis for further exploration of sperm motility mechanisms involved in mitochondria.

Key words: sperm; mitochondria; oxidative phosphorylation; calcium homeostasis; mitochondrial DNA

中图分类号:

S814.8

徐冰冰, 张家新, 王瑞军, 王志英, 李学武, 宋国欣, 张美娜, 郭富强, 张俊杰, 张燕军, 苏蕊, 刘志红, 李金泉. 哺乳动物精子线粒体研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(9): 2651-2657.

XU Bingbing, ZHANG Jiaxin, WANG Ruijun, WANG Zhiying, LI Xuewu, SONG Guoxin, ZHANG Meina, GUO Fuqiang, ZHANG Junjie, ZHANG Yanjun, SU Rui, LIU Zhihong, LI Jinquan. Research Progress on Mammalian Sperm Mitochondria[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(9): 2651-2657.

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哺乳动物精子线粒体研究进展

Research Progress on Mammalian Sperm Mitochondria

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