蒸汽压片玉米在奶牛生产中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玉米是奶牛舍饲的主要能量饲料来源之一，而蒸汽压片技术是一项目前较为成熟的日粮加工技术，主要通过机械的湿热加工方法改变原料物理形态和营养物质的化学结构，广泛应用于反刍动物日粮中。蒸汽压片处理工艺中的蒸汽压力、温度和处理时间会影响压片产品的容重和淀粉糊化度，进而影响其饲喂效果。研究发现，经蒸汽压片处理的玉米可有效提高其淀粉消化率，加快瘤胃内的发酵速度，改变瘤胃发酵模式，促进瘤胃微生物蛋白合成，有利于维持瘤胃pH及瘤胃内环境的稳定。也有研究表明，蒸汽压片玉米饲喂奶牛后，对其采食量没有明显影响，但可以提高产奶量，改善乳成分，从而提高奶牛的产奶性能。作者对蒸汽压片玉米技术及其在奶牛生产中的应用研究进展进行综述，以期为蒸汽压片玉米在中国奶牛生产中的合理使用提供参考。

关键词: 蒸汽压片玉米; 生产性能; 瘤胃代谢; 奶牛

Abstract:

Corn is one of the main sources of energy feed for dairy cows,and steam-flaked technology is a mature processing which can change the physical form of raw materials and nutrients in the chemical structure through the mechanical wet and hot processing,and now it has been widely used in the processing of ruminant diets.The experimental studies have found that the steam pressure,temperature and processing time in the steam-flaked process will affect the bulk density and starch gelatinization of the flaked product,thus affecting the feeding effect.At the same time,corn treated with steam flaking can effectively improve the starch digestibility,accelerate the fermentation speed in the rumen,change the rumen fermentation mode,promote the synthesis of rumen microbial protein,and maintain the stability of the rumen pH and rumen environment.Many studies also showed that steam-flaked corn fed had no effect on feed intake of dairy cows,but increased its milk production and improved milk composition and milk performance.The author reviewed the research progress of steam-flaked corn technology and its application in dairy cow production in order to provide references for the rational use of steam-flaked corn in our country.

Key words: steam-flaked corn; production performance; rumen metabolism; dairy cow

中图分类号:

S816.41

曹玉伟, 丁健, 李艳玲. 蒸汽压片玉米在奶牛生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(5): 1211-1218.

CAO Yuwei, DING Jian, LI Yanling. Research Progress of Steam-flaked Corn and Its Application in Dairy Cattle Production[J]. , 2018, 45(5): 1211-1218.

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