发酵玉米蛋白粉对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性及微生物菌群的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究全混合日粮（TMR）中添加发酵玉米蛋白粉（fermented corn gluten meal，FCGM）对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性及微生物菌群的影响。选用3头体重（600±25）kg，安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液供体，发酵底物为TMR，分为对照组和3个试验组，各组分别在发酵液中添加0、0.3、0.6、0.9 g/L FCGM（干物质基础），每个处理3个重复。记录体外发酵12、24、36和48 h产气量，测定体外发酵12、24和48 h发酵液pH、体外干物质消失率（IVDMD）、纤维素酶活性、氨态氮（NH₃-N）、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）和菌体蛋白浓度，并测定体外发酵24 h发酵液中瘤胃微生物菌群相对丰度。结果显示：①添加不同水平FCGM组的体外产气量（除12 h外）、慢速产气部分、潜在产气部分和有效产气速率均显著或极显著高于对照组（P < 0.05；P < 0.01）；②与对照组相比，添加不同水平FCGM处理组的发酵液pH显著或极显著低于对照组，纤维素酶活性、菌体蛋白、挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮含量和体外干物质消失率均显著或极显著升高（P < 0.05；P < 0.01），且0.9 g/L FCGM组达到最高。③添加0.6和0.9 g/L FCGM组发酵液中白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、牛链球菌、普雷沃氏菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌、真菌和原虫相对丰度均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05），且0.9 g/L FCGM组达到最高，而产甲烷菌相对丰度显著低于对照组（P < 0.05），且0.9 g/L FCGM组达到最低。综上所述，TMR中添加FCGM可提高体外发酵产气量，增加发酵液内纤维素酶活性、VFA、NH3-N及菌体蛋白含量，提高瘤胃内某些纤维降解菌、蛋白降解菌、淀粉降解菌、真菌和原虫相对丰度，降低产甲烷菌相对丰度，调节瘤胃微生物菌群结构，改善瘤胃发酵，其中以添加0.9 g/L FCGM为宜。

关键词: 发酵玉米蛋白粉; 体外发酵; 发酵参数; 瘤胃微生物菌群

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fermented corn gluten meal (FCGM) on in vitro fermentation characteristic and microorganism population.Three Holstein cows cannulated permanent ruminal fistula with a body weight of (600±25) kg were used to provide rumen fluid.The substrate was total mixed ration (TMR),and FCGM was added to buffered rumen fluid with concentrations of 0,0.3,0.6 and 0.9 g/L,respectively (dry matter basis) with three repetitions per group.Gas production was recorded at 12,24,36 and 48 h of incubation.Moreover,the pH,in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD),cellulase activity,NH₃-N,volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial protein concentration of fermentation liquor were determined after 12,24 and 48 h of incubation.After incubation for 24 h,the relative abundance of microorganism was determined.The results showed as followed:①Compared with the control group,adding different levels of FCGM could significantly or extremely significantly improved the gas production (except 12 h),slow gas production,potential gas production and the effective gas production rate (P < 0.05;P < 0.01).②Compared with the control,adding different levels of FCGM could significantly or extremely significantly decreased the pH of the culture medium and increased the content of bacterial protein,VFA and NH₃-N,cellulose enzyme activity and IVDMD (P < 0.05;P < 0.01),and that of 0.9 g/L FCGM group were highest.③The relative expression of the Ruminococcus albus,Ruminococcus flavefaciens,Fibrobacter succinogenes,Streptococcus bovis,Prevotella,Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens,Ruminobacter amylophilus,fungus and protozoa in 0.6 and 0.9 g/L FCGM groups were significant increased (P < 0.05),with that in 0.9 g/L FCGM group were highest.However,the relative abundance of methanogens was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05) and that was the lowest in 0.9 g/L FCGM group.In conclusion,the results demonstrated that FCGM could improve gas production,VFA,NH₃-N and microbial protein concentration,increase the relative abundance of cellulolytic bacteria,starch degradation bacteria,proteolytic bacteria and protozoa,improve rumen fermentation,promote the growth of some microbes in the rumen,decrease the relative abundance of methanogens and regulate the population structure of rumen microbe.The optimum dose of FCGM was 0.9 g/L.

Key words: fermented corn gluten meal; in vitro fermentation; fermentation parameter; rumen microbial population

中图分类号:

S816.6

姜鑫, 张立阳, 赵雪娇, 徐宏建, 张永根. 发酵玉米蛋白粉对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性及微生物菌群的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(4): 905-915.

JIANG Xin, ZHANG Liyang, ZHAO Xuejiao, XU Hongjian, ZHANG Yonggen. Effects of Fermented Corn Gluten Meal on in vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Microorganism Population[J]. , 2018, 45(4): 905-915.

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