中国6个双峰驼群体微卫星遗传多样性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2017.06.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解中国双峰驼群体的遗传多样性及不同种群间的遗传进化关系，本研究采用微卫星标记技术，对中国阿拉善驼、青海驼、南疆驼、北疆驼、肃北驼、苏尼特驼6个双峰驼群体进行了遗传多样性分析。通过计算杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）、有效等位基因（Ne）、Shannon信息指数等分析群体内遗传变异，通过计算F-统计量、基因流、遗传分化系数、遗传距离等分析群体间遗传进化关系。结果显示，10个微卫星位点共检测到了89个等位基因，平均每个位点检测到8.9个等位基因；所有位点均属中高度多态位点（YWLL08除外），平均PIC值在0.488~0.752之间；6个群体观测杂合度值（0.355~0.448）都低于期望杂合度值（0.643~0.703）；几乎所有位点的Shannon指数都>1，且处于哈代-温伯格不平衡状态（P< 0.05）。群体间遗传分化系数Fst值为0.059，处于较低程度的中等分化状态； 6个双峰驼群体的平均Fis值均为正值，说明6个双峰驼群体都存在不同程度的近交。基于标准遗传距离D_S和遗传距离D_A进行聚类分析，南疆驼和北疆驼聚为一支，阿拉善驼、青海驼、肃北驼、苏尼特驼4个群体聚为一支。研究表明，中国双峰驼遗传多样性丰富，群体内遗传变异较大，存在一定近交现象；群体间存在着一定的基因流动，群体间的分化主要由群体内的遗传变异造成；6个群体分为2个类群。

关键词: 微卫星标记; 遗传多样性; 双峰驼

Abstract:

In order to understand the genetic diversity of Bactrian camel and the genetic evolutionary relationships between different populations,the genetic diversity of Alashan camel, Qinghai camel, Nanjiang camel, Beijiang camel, Subei camel and Sunite camel populations in China were analyzed using 10 microsatellite markers. By calculating heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), effective allele (Ne), Shannon information index, the genetic variation within populations were analyzed. By calculating the F-statistics, gene flow, genetic differentiation coefficient and genetic distance to analyze the genetic relationship between populations. The results showed that 89 alleles were tested at the 10 microsatellite loci,8.9 alleles were tested at every locus in average. All loci were medium-highly polymorphic loci (except YWLL08),the average PIC of the Bactrian camel population was between 0.488 to 0.752. The observed heterozygosity (0.355 to 0.448) of 6 Bactrian camel populations was lower than the expected heterozygosity (0.643 to 0.703). Almost all loci Shannon index was greater than 1,and most of loci were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. The genetic differentiation coefficient between groups (Fst) value was 0.059 and in the low degree of moderately differentiated state. The average Fis values of 6 Bactrian camel populations were positive which suggested 6 Bactrian camel populations had different levels of inbreeding. The standard genetic distance (D_S) and genetic distance T (D_A) clustering analysis showed that the Nanjiang camel and Beijiang camel jointed as one group, the Alxa camel, Qinghai camel, Subei camel, Sunite camel jointed as the other group. Research showed that Chinese Bactrian camel was abundant in genetic diversity, genetic variation within population was larger, and there was a phenomenon of inbreeding. There was a certain gene flow between populations, the differentiation of populations were mainly caused by genetic variation within population. 6 Chinese Bactrian camel populations were divided into two groups.

Key words: microsatellite; genetic diversity; Bactrian camel

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺1

柏丽, 周俊文, 李新海, 冯登侦. 中国6个双峰驼群体微卫星遗传多样性分析[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2017, 44(6): 1734-1745.

BAI Li, ZHOU Jun-wen, LI Xin-hai, FENG Deng-zhen. Analysis on the Genetic Diversity of Six Bactrian Camel Populations in China Using Microsatellite Marker[J]. , 2017, 44(6): 1734-1745.

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