口服福尔马林和祛原虫对绵羊瘤胃微生物群落和消化酶活性的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.10.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取6只2~3岁龄、体重48.3 kg±5.6 kg的小尾寒羊公羊，装置永久性瘤胃瘘管，并饲喂含70%玉米秸秆的日粮。在4×4拉丁方试验中分别给绵羊口服0 mL/kg日粮（对照，处理1组）、1.0 mL/kg日粮（低剂量，处理2组）、3.0 mL/kg日粮（高剂量，处理3组）福尔马林和完全祛原虫（处理4组），研究不同处理对绵羊瘤胃微生物群落、消化酶活性和氨态氮、VFAs浓度等的影响，及其与自由采食量的相关性。结果表明，处理2、3和4组与对照组相比，绵羊的干物质自由采食量分别增加14.9%（P<0.01）、-6.8%（P>0.05）和-16.5%（P<0.01）；瘤胃液氨态氮浓度分别降低10.5%（P<0.05）、13.0%（P<0.05）和23.0%（P<0.01）；原虫数量分别极显著减少59.3%、93.2%和100.0%（P<0.01）；细菌总数分别极显著增加41.1%、-8.2%和84.5%（P<0.01）；真菌拷贝数分别增加16.5%（P>0.05）、23.5%（P<0.05）和38.1%（P<0.01）；内纤维素酶活性分别极显著升高22.6%、-14.6%和-27.5%（P<0.01）；外纤维素酶活性分别极显著升高15.5%、-23.9%和-25.2%（P<0.01）；纤维二糖酶活性分别极显著升高20.0%、-25.7%和-26.2%（P<0.01）；木聚糖酶活性分别降低0.4%（P<0.05）、0.5%（P<0.05）和0.1%（P>0.05）；果胶酶活性分别极显著降低12.0%、11.0%和2.8%（P<0.01）；淀粉酶活性分别极显著升高12.2%、15.3%和19.9%（P<0.01）；蛋白酶活性分别极显著降低22.1%、48.0%和22.2%（P<0.01）。其中内纤维素酶、外纤维素酶和纤维二糖酶活性与绵羊自由采食量的相关系数（R²）分别为0.994、0.897和0.901。由本试验得出结论，绵羊口服低剂量福尔马林时自由采食量增加，高剂量或祛原虫时降低；决定绵羊自由采食量的因素是瘤胃液内纤维素酶、外纤维素酶和纤维二糖酶活性，而非瘤胃原虫、细菌或真菌数量，或其他消化酶的活性。

关键词: 福尔马林; 祛原虫; 绵羊; 瘤胃

Abstract:

6 Small-tail Han sheep ram,2 to 3 year's old,with body weight of 48.3 kg±5.6 kg,were fitted with permanent rumen fistula and fed with the diet containing 70% of corn stalk.The experiment was designed as 4×4 Latin square,the sheep were orally administered with formalin at 0 mL/kg diet (control,treatment 1),1.0 mL/kg diet (low dose,treatment 2),3.0 mL/kg diet (high dose,treatment 3) and completely fauna-free (treatment 4),to study the effects of various treatments on the rumen microbiocoenosis,activities of digestive enzymes,NH₃-N and VFAs in rumen fluid of sheep,and their correlation with voluntary intake.The results showed that,compared with control,the voluntary intakes of dry matter in treatments 1,2 and 3 were increased by 14.9% (P<0.01),-6.8% (P>0.05) and -16.5%(P<0.01),respectively;NH₃-N were decreased by 10.5% (P<0.05),13.0% (P<0.05) and 23.0%(P<0.01),respectively;The protozoa number in rumen fluid were decreased by 59.3%,93.2% and 100.0%(P<0.01),respectively;The total number of bacteria were increased by 41.1%,-8.2% and 84.5%(P<0.01),respectively;The fungi copies were increased by 16.5%(P>0.01),23.5% (P<0.05) and 38.1%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of endocellulase in treatments 1,2 and 3 were increased by 22.6%,-14.6% and -27.5%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of exocellulase were increased by 15.5%,-23.9% and -25.2%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of cellobiose were increased by 20.0%,-25.7% and -26.2%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of xylanase were decreased by 0.4%(P<0.05),0.5%(P<0.05) and 0.1% (P>0.05),respectively;The activities of pectinase were decreased by 12.0%,11.0% and 2.8%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of amylase were increased by 12.2%,15.3% and 19.9%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of protease were decreased by 22.1%,48.0% and 22.2%(P<0.01),respectively.The correlation coefficients (R²) of the activities of the endocellulase,exocellulase and cellobiose with voluntary intake of sheep were 0.994,0.897 and 0.901.It was concluded that when the low dose of formalin was orally administrated the voluntary intake of sheep was increased,whereas the high dose of formalin or fauna-free was decreased;The factors determined the voluntary intake of sheep were the activities of endocellulase,exocellulase and cellobiose,rather than the numbers of the protozoa,bacteria or fungi,or the activities of other digestive enzymes in rumen fluid.

Key words: formalin; fauna-free; sheep; rumen

中图分类号:

S826

蔡娟, 雒秋江, 王选, 陈勇, 臧长江. 口服福尔马林和祛原虫对绵羊瘤胃微生物群落和消化酶活性的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2016, 43(10): 2578-2590.

CAI Juan, LUO Qiu-jiang, WANG Xuan, CHEN Yong, ZANG Chang-jiang. Effect of the Oral Formalin and Fauna-free on the Microbiocoenosis and Activities of Digestive Enzymes in the Rumen of Sheep[J]. , 2016, 43(10): 2578-2590.

参考文献

[1] 孔凡虎,雒秋江,班文杰,等.口服福尔马林对绵羊瘤胃微生物群落和瘤胃代谢的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2012,35(5):345-352.
[2] 栗志坚,雒秋江,上官京,等.福尔马林口服剂量对绵羊瘤胃微生物群落的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2013,36(1):1-6.
[3] 李桉,雒秋江,米热古丽·伊马木,等.口服福尔马林对绵羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(12):3-7.
[4] 古丽尼沙,雒秋江,杨开伦,等.粗料型日粮条件下口服福尔马林对小尾寒羊成母羊消化代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(1):5-12.
[5] 班文杰,雒秋江,孔凡虎,等.口服福尔马林对羔羊消化代谢与生长的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(12):5-10.
[6] 刘春龙,李忠秋,孙海霞,等.纤毛虫对反刍动物瘤胃内环境指标、营养物质代谢的影响的研究[J].家畜生态,2004,25(3):57-60.
[7] 郭冬生,夏维福,彭小兰,等.瘤胃原虫的生理作用及祛除原虫的研究[J].饲料研究,2006,10(8):42-45.
[8] Nagaraja T G,Towne G,Beharka A A.Moderation of ruminal fermentation by ciliated protozoa in cattle fed a high-grain diet[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1992,58(8):2410-2414.
[9] 王世荣,岳寿松,尤升波.微生物制剂与瘤胃原虫[J].饲料博览,2003,84(2):11-12.
[10] 付琦,侯先志,高爱武.体内祛除瘤胃原虫对绵羊瘤胃微生物及内环境的影响[J].中国奶牛,2009,4(9):17-21.
[11] Rowe J B,Davies A,Broome A W J.Quantitative effects of defamation on rumen fermentation and digestion in sheep[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1985,54(1):105-119.
[12] 南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.
[13] 赵建军,赵旭昌,王哲,等.高效液相色谱法测定瘤胃内容物挥发性脂肪酸和乳酸[J].兽医大学学报,1993,13(4):393-394.
[14] 赵景婵,郭治安,常建华,等.有机酸类化合物的反相高效液相色谱法的分离条件研究[J].色谱,2001,19(3):260-263.
[15] 卢德勋,谢崇文.现代反刍动物营养研究方法和技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1991.
[16] 朱文涛,雒秋江,古丽尼沙,等.4种日粮条件下30~150日龄羔羊瘤胃液原虫和细菌数量的变化[J].中国畜牧兽医,2005,32(3):10-13.
[17] 许晓莉,陈勇,胡长江,等.大豆磷脂对绵羊瘤胃微生物多样性的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2013,3(3):25-29.
[18] 淡瑞芳,张海涛,龙瑞军,等.藏系绵羊瘤胃细菌数量及其放牧地牧草养分随季节变化的研究[J].草业学报,2009,18(1):100-104.
[19] 王加启.反刍动物营养学研究方法[M].北京:现代教育出版社,2011.
[20] 汪水平,王文娟.瘤胃纤维降解相关酶活性的测定[J].中国饲料,2006,10(11):31-32.
[21] 史永昶,姜涌明.五种α-淀粉酶测活方法的比较研究[J].微生物学通报,1996,23(6):371-373.
[22] 于初才.气溶胶OT对绵羊瘤胃微生物群落和消化酶活性的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011.
[23] Machmüller A,Soliva C R,Kreuzer M.Effect of coconut oil and defaunation treatment on methanogenesis in sheep[J].Reproduction,Nutrition,Development,2003,43(1):41-55.
[24] 张国庆,雒秋江,杨开伦,等.口服福尔马林对羔羊和成年母羊采食与消化代谢的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(2):1-5.
[25] Brown R.E.Digestive physiology and Nutrition of Ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1970,53(9):1304.
[26] Cottle D J,姚军虎.去瘤胃原虫及补充蛋氨酸对舍饲美利奴羊产毛性能的影响[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1989,10(3):34-36.
[27] Ankrah P,Loerch S C,Kampman K A,et al.Effect of defaunation on situ dry matter and nitrogen disapperrance in steers and growth of lambs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(10):3330-3336.
[28] Eugene M,Archim H,Sauvant D.Quantitative metalanalysis on the effect of defaunation of the rumen on growth,intake and digestion in ruminants[J].Livestock Production Science,2004,85(1):81-97.
[29] Hsu J T,Fahey G C,Merchen N R,et al.Effects of defaunation and various nitrogen supplementation regimens on microbial numbers and activity in the rumen of sheep[J].Journal of Animal Science,1991,69(3):1279-1289.
[30] Nguyen S H,Barnett M C,Hegarty R S.Use of dietary nitrate to increase productivity and reduce methane production of defaunated and faunated lambs consuming protein-deficient chaff[J].Animal Production Science,2016,56(2):290-297.
[31] 韩春艳,卢德勋,谭支良,等.控制原虫对绵羊瘤胃内环境指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2004,10(2):7-9.
[32] Tripathi M K,Raghuvansi S K S,Mondal D,et al.Effect of Bt-cottonseed meal feeding on performance,fermentation,ciliates population and microbial hydrolytic enzymes in lamb[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2014,13(3):509-522.
[33] Williams A G,Withers S E.Effect of ciliate protozoa on the activity of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and fibre breakdown in the rumen ecosystem[J].The Journal of Applied Bacteriology,1991,70(2):144.
[34] Colemana1 G S.The cellulase content of 15 species of entodiniomorphid protozoa,mixed bacteria and plant debris isolated from the ovine rumen[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1985,104(2):349-360.
[35] 邓拴林.去除瘤胃原虫对反刍动物的影响[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1990,4:35-37.
[36] Colemana1 G S.The distribution of carboxymethylcellulase between fractions taken from the rumens of sheep containing no protozoa or one of five different protozoal populations[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1986,106(1):121-127.
[37] 张庆茹.瘤胃原虫对瘤胃营养物质代谢的影响研究进展[J].中国牛业科学,2006,32(1):49-51.
[38] 王欢莉,王洪荣,徐爱秋,等.反刍动物瘤胃原虫自溶现象的初步研究[J].中国饲料,2014,8:18-21.