芯片技术在畜禽育种中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国畜禽品种资源丰富，且有许多优良性状基因，但这些优良性状基因并没有被充分利用，因此，在基因水平上开展遗传资源的开发和利用是畜禽经济性状改良的重要方向。目前，虽然传统系谱选择方法在育种工作中发挥了重要作用，但存在准确率低、育种周期长等缺点。随着分子生物学技术的快速发展，近年来先进的基因组测序和基因分型技术大大促进了畜禽育种方法的革新。从低通量、耗时的限制性片段多态标记（RFLP）到如今高通量、高密度的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记，基因检测效率有了大幅度提高。基因芯片技术在分子标记辅助选择和全基因组选择育种研究中逐渐得到广泛应用，成为畜禽育种的新技术手段和新热点。主要介绍了高、低密度SNP芯片技术在畜禽育种中的研究及应用，并简述了其技术优势、存在问题及挑战、应用展望，旨在表明基因芯片技术必将会成为畜禽分子育种工作中一项重要的基础技术，在畜禽种业快速发展过程中起到重要的推动作用，以期为基因芯片技术在畜禽育种中得到进一步应用提供理论参考，推进中国畜禽育种遗传进展，提升中国畜禽种业的科技竞争力。

关键词: 芯片技术; SNP; 高通量测序; 动物育种

Abstract: There are abundant resources of livestock and poultry breeds in China,and there are many good trait genes.Unfortunately,these fine trait genes have not been fully utilized.Therefore,the development and utilization of genetics and resources at the genetic level is an important direction for improving economic traits of domestic animal genetics resources.The traditional pedigree selection method played a vital role in breeding while it also has shortcomings such as low accuracy and long breeding cycle.With the rapid development of molecular biology,advanced genome sequencing and gene typing technology have pushed the innovation of livestock and poultry breeding methods.The efficiency of genetic detection has been dramatically improved from the low-throughput,time-consuming restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP) markers in the past to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with high-throughput and high density.Genotyping based on chip was widely used in research and breeding practice,becoming a new technology and hotspot in livestock and poultry breeding.In this review,the research and application of SNP chip technology in livestock and poultry breeding,its technical advantages,existing problems,challenges and application prospects are summarized.The paper showed that gene chip technology would become an important basic technology in molecular breeding of livestock and poultry,and play an important role in the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry,promoting the genetics progress of livestock and poultry breeding in China,and enhancing the scientific and technological competiveness of livestock and poultry breeding industry in China.

Key words: chip technology; SNP; high-throughput sequencing; animal breeding

中图分类号:

S813.3

马丽娜, 刘永进, 王锦, 赵正伟, 马青. 芯片技术在畜禽育种中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(1): 98-106.

MA Lina, LIU Yongjin, WANG Jin, ZHAO Zhengwei, MA Qing. Research Advance on Application of Chip Technology in Livestock and Poultry Breeding[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(1): 98-106.

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