China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 258-267.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.023

• Genetics and Breeding • Previous Articles    

Population Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Conformation Traits and Milk Production Traits of Holstein Cattle in Tibetan

YANG Jiazi1, HUANG Yuechuan1, ZHANG Hailiang1, GAO Zimeng1, ZHAO Xuelian1, WANG Sijia1, LI Bin2, WEN Dongxu2, YU Ying1, WANG Yachun1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproductive of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
  • Received:2024-08-06 Published:2024-12-30

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Abstract: 【Objective】 The large-scale farming of Tibetan Holstein cattle had great economic meaning in this region,but the population characteristics of growth and milk production traits of Holstein cattle were generally significantly reduced after the introduction of Holstein cattle into plateau areas.This study aimed to explore the potential influencing factors of conformation traits and milk production traits of Tibetan Holstein cattle and their correlation with milk production traits. 【Method】 The linear classification records of 20 conformation traits of 237 Holstein cattle and 895 DHI records on a large-scale ranch in Lhasa,Tibet were collected,and the scores of 5 parts (body capacity,rump,feet and leg,mammary system and dairy character) and final score were calculated.The GLM procedure of SAS 9.2 software was used to analyze the influencing factors of parts scores of conformation traits of Holstein cattle,such as source pasture,parity,identifier and so on.The correlation coefficients of five parts scores,final score and daily milk yield were calculated by Pearson correlation analysis program of IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software. 【Result】 The absolute values of the deviation between the mean and ideal score of conformation traits of Holstein cattle in Tibet ranged from 0.30 (stature) to 3.70 (rear udder height),and the mean of 5 parts scores and final score ranged from 78.97 (rump) to 87.72 (body capacity).The average daily milk yield was 21.23 kg,the average percentage of milk fat and milk protein were 4.45% and 3.75%,and the somatic cell count ranged from 0.30×104 to 28.60×104/mL.The results of ANOVA analysis showed that the source pasture and identifier had a significant effect on final score (P<0.05),while days in Tibet and lactation days had no significant effects on the 5 parts scores and final score (P>0.05).The parity effect only had a significant effect on the feet and leg score (P<0.05).There was a medium to high significant correlation between the 5 parts scores and the final score (0.395-0.857),but the correlation between conformation traits and the daily milk yield was low,ranging from ―0.021 (body capacity and daily milk yield) to 0.117 (rump and daily milk yield). 【Conclusion】 The conformation traits of Tibetan Holstein cattle were significantly affected by a variety of feeding and management factors,and were related to milk production traits.This study laid the data foundation for the future development of large-scale breeding and regional characteristic breeding of Holstein cattle in high-altitude climate areas.

Key words: Tibet; Holstein cattle; conformation traits; milk production traits; influencing factors; correlation

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