Abstract: This article described the relationship among the Small Xiang goat and the other goat variations which distributed in the mountainous area nearby, there were seven microsatellite loci which used to analyze the genetic diversity of six goat breeds of China, meanwhile, compared to the Boer goat breed. Based on the allele frequency of seven goat variations, we calculated that mean heterozygosity (He), which were from 0.778 to 0.823; the mean polymorphism information contents (PIC) from 0.766 to 0.809 and the mean effective number of alleles (Ne) from 4.707 to 5.767. Genetic variations within breed and among breeds were analyzed in the study. We clustered the NJ tree according to the Nei standard genetic distances, it showed that the Black goat and the White goat clustered together first ; at the same time，the Wu goat and the Nanjiang goat were clustered together first; the second were the Matou goat and the Small Xiang goat, furthest was Boer goat, which was consistent with their geographic distribution and breed formation.

Key words: goat; microsatellite marker; genetic diversity