Abstract: In order to research genetic diversity and phylogenetic for Jlo and Hongyuan and Ola the three groups of Tibetan sheep, Xinjiang fine-wool sheep and Aletai sheep, to sequence and analyze the complete mtDNA D-loop sequences of 89 inviduals from 5 groups sheep.The results displayed that the 89 inviduals from 5 groups sheep had 168 polymorphic loci, 82 were singleton variable sites,86 were parsimony informative sites, the average contents of A+T were 62.5%, significantly higher than the 37.5% of C+G. Identified 70 haplotype, nucleotide diversity(Pi) and haplotype diversity (Hd) are between 0.01040 to 0.02892 and 0.640 to 1.000, the average number of nucleotide differences (K) were 18.340, Tajima’s test found that the five groups were not significant. By building NJ phylogenetic tree to indicate that Tibetan sheep of Hongyuan subbreed was closely with Ola, then Jlo groups got together with Hongyuan and Ola a class,then, cluster with the Xinjiang fine-wool sheep and European mouflon and Urial. Argali and Argali Ovis ammon alone for a class.The 5 groups of sheep had three origins.

Key words: sheep; mtDNA D-loop; genetic polymorphism; phyletic evolution