Abstract: Multivariate factor analysis and principal component analysis were used to decompose the correlation matrix of body measurement trait of 30 Xinjiang Brown cattle of age about 18 months, then indexes of Xinjiang Brown cattle body measurement trait were studied by the principal components analysis, the 7 principal components which contributing rate accumulated up to 89.505% were chose. The results showed that there was big potential of mass selection for the rump length, hip width, thurl width, pin bone width and body weight, there were high significant correlation among body weight，body length, heart girth, hip width（P＜0.01）, and there was significant correlation with thurl width（P＜0.05）. The first principal component reflected the entire growth and development condition of Xinjiang Brown cattle, the second principal component reflected rump characteristics, the third principal component reflected back body characteristics.

Key words: Xinjiang Brown cattle; body measurement traits; principal component analysis