Abstract: The growing problem of drug resistance caused by the abuse of antibiotics has led to the urgent need for the development and utilization of new antimicrobial drugs.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers several advantages,including multi-targeting,low side-effects,anti-drug resistance,and broad-spectrum applications,which have led to its use in a wide range of antimicrobial contexts.The development of sequencing technology and high-resolution mass spectrometry has facilitated the widespread use of transcriptomics,proteomics and metabolomics technologies in the study of antimicrobial mechanisms of TCM.Transcriptomics technology can be employed to screen and validate differentially expressed genes,thereby enabling the understanding of the interaction pathways between TCM and bacteria.Proteomics can assist in the identification of the active ingredients present in herbal medicines,as well as in the resolution of their interactions with pathogenic bacterial proteins.Metabolomics techniques can be utilized to detect changes in metabolites,thus facilitating the identification of differences in relevant metabolites between TCM and bacteria.However,single-omics studies have inherent limitations,and joint multi-omics analyses can provide a more comprehensive understanding of bacterial-host interactions and the mechanisms by which herbal medicines regulate bacterial infections.The authors present a systematic review of the literature on the antibacterial activity of TCM and the antibacterial mechanism of TCM affecting group sensing,biofilm formation,substance metabolism,and oxidative stress response based on studies using transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and multi-omics combined techniques,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the analysis of the antibacterial mechanism of TCM and the screening and development of antibacterial drugs.

Key words: multi-omics research; proteomics; transcriptomics; metabolomics; traditional Chinese medicine; antimicrobials