植物提取物的生物学功能及其在仔猪生产上的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.12.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物提取物（PE）是通过物理化学等方式从植物中得到的单一或混合物质，含有多酚、生物碱、多糖、精油等活性物质。其生物学功能多样：调控抗氧化酶活，降低过氧化物含量，抑制或清除自由基等；通过调控NF-κB、ERK、JNK活化及相关转录因子的表达，实现机体免疫应答；降低炎性因子及其相关基因表达，缓解炎症；具有抗菌作用，不容易产生耐药性；通过改变癌细胞细胞周期，实现细胞凋亡，达到抗癌目的；对疟原虫、丝虫、克氏锥虫等寄生虫有显著抑制作用。植物提取物在仔猪生产上应用广泛，具有良好的效果：能提高仔猪平均日增重（ADG）、饲料转化率等生长性能，如菠萝茎、八角提取物；促进仔猪消化吸收，提高营养物质代谢；降低血液转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性，缓解应激；提高仔猪血液抗氧化酶活性，降低过氧化物水平；提高仔猪血液细胞因子、免疫球蛋白的含量，增强机体免疫功能；调控肠道菌群，改善肠道黏膜形态，减少仔猪腹泻。植物提取物是绿色健康的添加剂，其广泛普及可大幅度减少抗生素的使用。随着生物技术的发展，植物提取物在健康养殖中将发挥越来越大的作用。

关键词: 植物提取物; 仔猪; 抗氧化; 免疫; 抗菌

Abstract:

Plant extracts (PE) are single or mixed substances obtained from plants through physical or chemical methods.They contain polyphenols,alkaloids,polysaccharides,essential oils and other active substances.Their biological functions are diverse:Regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes,reducing peroxide,inhibiting or eliminating free radicals,etc;Achieving immune responses by regulating the activation of NF-κB,ERK,JNK and expression of related transcription factors;Reducing inflammatory cytokines and related gene expression to alleviate inflammation;Have antibacterial effect and are not easy to produce drug resistance;Achieving apoptosis and anticancer effect by changing the cell cycle of cancer cells;Having significant inhibitory effects on parasites,such as plasmodium,filariosis and Trypanosoma cruzi.Plant extracts are widely used in piglets and have good application results:Improving the growth performance of piglets,such as pineapple stem,star anise extracts;Promoting the digestion and absorption of piglets to improve the metabolism of nutrients;Reducing aminotransferase and AKP activity to relieve stress;Increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the level of peroxide in piglets;Increasing the content of cytokines and immunoglobulin of blood in piglets,and enhancing their immune functions;Regulating intestinal flora,improving intestinal mucosal morphology,and reducing piglet diarrhea.As a kind of green and healthy additive,the widespread use of plant extracts can greatly reduce the use of antibiotics.It is believed that,with the development of biotechnology,plant extracts will play more important role in the healthy breeding.

Key words: plant extracts; piglet; antioxidant; immunity; antibacterial

中图分类号:

S816.7

崔艺燕, 田志梅, 李贞明, 容庭, 马现永, 李剑豪. 植物提取物的生物学功能及其在仔猪生产上的应用[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(12): 3419-3430.

CUI Yiyan, TIAN Zhimei, LI Zhenming, RONG Ting, MA Xianyong, LI Jianhao. Progress of Biological Functions of Plant Extracts and Their Application in Piglets[J]. , 2018, 45(12): 3419-3430.

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