地衣芽孢杆菌对玉米青贮发酵品质的调控研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】青贮菌制剂能够提升青贮品质，提高饲料的利用率和动物的消化率，同时还能有效抑制有害微生物的活动，进而改善青贮的适口性。地衣芽孢杆菌以其独特的生物夺氧作用，在玉米青贮的早期有氧发酵阶段发挥关键作用，对青贮质量进行重要调控，确保整个发酵过程的稳定性和最终产品的品质。试验旨在探究添加不同浓度地衣芽孢杆菌对玉米青贮质量及霉菌毒素的影响，以期为地衣芽孢杆菌在青贮饲料中的应用提供参考。【方法】以全株青贮玉米为原料，采取完全随机区组设计，设置对照组(不添加地衣芽孢杆菌，CK)及试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(分别添加0.8×10⁶、1.6×10⁶、3.2×10⁶ CFU/g DM地衣芽孢杆菌)，每组3个重复。青贮60 d后对各组玉米青贮的营养成分、发酵品质、饲喂价值、霉菌毒素及综合青贮品质进行分析。【结果】①与对照组相比，地衣芽孢杆菌对玉米青贮的干物质、粗蛋白质、淀粉、可溶性碳水化合物和粗灰分含量均无显著影响(P＞0.05)；试验Ⅲ组玉米青贮的粗脂肪含量显著升高(P＜0.05)，试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组玉米青贮的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均显著降低(P＜0.05)。②各处理组玉米青贮的乳酸含量无显著差异(P＞0.05)；试验Ⅲ组玉米青贮的氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)；地衣芽孢杆菌显著影响玉米青贮的pH和乙酸含量(P<0.05)，且随着地衣芽孢杆菌添加量的增加，pH呈线性下降，乙酸含量呈线性和二次曲线增加(P＜0.05)。③通过模糊隶属函数法综合分析得出，试验Ⅲ组玉米青贮隶属函数平均值最高。④与对照组相比，各试验组玉米青贮的呕吐毒素、伏马毒素和黄曲霉毒素含量均显著降低(P＜0.05)，玉米赤霉烯酮和T2毒素含量均无显著变化(P＞0.05)，且呕吐毒素和伏马毒素含量随地衣芽孢杆菌添加量的增加呈线性和二次曲线降低(P＜0.05)。【结论】本试验条件下，地衣芽孢杆菌可改善玉米青贮品质，尤其是添加3.2×10⁶ CFU/g地衣芽孢杆菌时效果最佳。

关键词: 地衣芽孢杆菌; 玉米青贮; 发酵品质; 霉菌毒素; 隶属函数

Abstract: 【Objective】 Silage bacteria preparation can improve silage quality,feed utilization and animal digestibility,at the same time,it can effectively inhibit the activity of harmful microorganisms,thereby improving the palatability of silage.Bacillus licheniformis plays a key role in the early aerobic fermentation stage of corn silage with its unique biological oxygen capture,which can significantly regulate the silage quality and ensure the stability of the whole fermentation process and the quality of the final product.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Bacillus licheniformis on the quality and mycotoxin of corn silage,in order to provide reference for the application of Bacillus licheniformis in silage.【Method】 Whole silage maize was used as raw material in the experiment.A completely randomized block design was adopted,and control group (without adding Bacillus licheniformis,CK),group Ⅰ (adding 0.8×10⁶ CFU/g DM Bacillus licheniformis),group Ⅱ (adding 1.6×10⁶ CFU/g DM Bacillus licheniformis) and group Ⅲ (adding 3.2×10⁶ CFU/g DM Bacillus licheniformis) were set up,each group had 3 replicates.After silage for 60 days,the nutritional composition,fermentation quality,feeding value,mycotoxin and comprehensive quality of corn silage in each group were analyzed.【Result】 ① Compared with CK group,Bacillus licheniformis had no significant effect on the content of dry matter,crude protein,starch,soluble carbohydrates and ash in corn silage (P＞0.05),the fat content of corn silage in group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of corn silage in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).② There was no significant difference in lactic acid content among all treatment groups (P＞0.05).The NH₃-N content of corn silage in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in CK group (P＜0.05).Bacillus licheniformis significantly affected pH and acetic acid content of corn silage (P＜0.05),and with the increase of Bacillus licheniformis,pH showed a linear decrease,while the acetic acid content showed a linear and quadratic curve increase (P＜0.05).③ The comprehensive analysis by the fuzzy membership function method showed that corn silage in group Ⅲ had the highest membership function mean value.④ Compared with CK group,the contents of vomitoxin,fumonitoxin and aflatoxin in experimental groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),but there was no significant effect on the contents of zeralenone and T2-toxin (P＞0.05),and the contents of vomitoxin and fumonitoxin were linearly and conically decreased with the increase of Bacillus licheniformis supplementation (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment,Bacillus licheniformis could improve the quality of corn silage,especially when 3.2×10⁶ CFU/g Bacillus licheniformis was added.

Key words: Bacillus licheniformis; corn silage; fermentation quality; mycotoxin; membership function

中图分类号:

S816.5⁺3

王睿, 何金童, 程雨辰, 任文义, 马玉林, 徐晓锋. 地衣芽孢杆菌对玉米青贮发酵品质的调控研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1070-1079.

WANG Rui, HEJintong, CHENG Yuchen, REN Wenyi, MA Yulin, XU Xiaofeng. Study on Regulating the Fermentaiton Quality of Corn Silage by Bacillus licheniformis[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1070-1079.

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