青海省果洛藏族自治州4个牦牛群体父系遗传分子评估

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.09.023

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 3948-3957.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.09.023

• 遗传繁育 • 上一篇

青海省果洛藏族自治州4个牦牛群体父系遗传分子评估

曹萍^1,2, 李瑞哲^1,2, 陈生梅^1,2, 薛斌¹, 韩生兰³, 梅萨⁴, 达桑⁵, 才加⁶, 孙永刚^1,2, 马志杰^1,2

1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海省高原家畜遗传资源保护与创新利用重点实验室, 西宁 810016;
2. 农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室, 西宁 810016;
3. 青海省药品检验检测院, 西宁 810016;
4. 青海省果洛藏族自治州班玛县畜牧兽医站, 果洛 814399;
5. 青海省果洛藏族自治州久治县索乎日麻乡畜牧兽医站, 果洛 814499;
6. 青海省果洛藏族自治州玛多县花石峡镇措柔村拉泽生态畜牧业专业合作社, 果洛 813500

收稿日期:2023-12-29 发布日期:2024-08-27
通讯作者: 马志杰 E-mail:zhijiema@126.com
作者简介:曹萍,E-mail:caoping0822@126.com。
基金资助:
青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划项目(领军人才);第三次全国畜禽遗传资源普查项目

Paternal Genetic Molecular Assessment of Four Yak Populations in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai

CAO Ping^1,2, LI Ruizhe^1,2, CHEN Shengmei^1,2, XUE Bin¹, HAN Shenglan³, MEI Sa⁴, DA Sang⁵, CAI Jia⁶, SUN Yonggang^1,2, MA Zhijie^1,2

1. Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Genetics and Breeding on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xining 810016, China;
3. Qinghai Provincial Drug Inspection and Testing Institute, Xining 810016, China;
4. Station of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Banma County of Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, Golog 814399, China;
5. Station of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Suohurima Township of Jiuzhi County of Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, Golog 814499, China;
6. Laze Ecological Livestock Specialized Cooperative, Cuorou Village of Huashixia Township of Maduo County of Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, Golog 813500, China

Received:2023-12-29 Published:2024-08-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究青海省果洛藏族自治州牦牛的父系起源、群体遗传结构、遗传多样性水平以及分化状况。【方法】通过基因组DNA提取、PCR扩增和测序分型，利用5个Y染色体单核苷酸多态性(Y-SNPs)标记(SRY4、USP9Y、UTY19、AMELY3和OFD1Y10)和1个Y染色体微卫星(Y-STR)标记(INRA189)对玛多、久治、甘德、班玛4个牦牛群体共144头牦牛个体进行父系遗传分析。通过软件计算单倍型多样度(Hd)和群体间固定分化指数(Fst)，评估各牦牛群体的父系遗传多样性水平、群体间遗传分化程度。利用Mega 5.05和Network 10.1软件分别构建UPGMA树状图和网络中介图，探究各牦牛群体间的父系遗传关系和群体结构组成。【结果】青海省果洛藏族自治州4个牦牛群体中共鉴定出7种Y染色体单倍型。玛多、久治、甘德、班玛牦牛群体分别鉴定出6、4、4、4种单倍型。玛多、班玛牦牛群体中分别检测到2种(H2Y1和H3Y1)和1种(H7Y1)特有单倍型。遗传多样性分析表明，4个牦牛群体的父系遗传多样性较为丰富(Hd＝0.506)，其中玛多牦牛的单倍型多样度最高(Hd＝0.632)，甘德牦牛的单倍型多样度最低(Hd＝0.324)。遗传分化分析结果显示，除班玛牦牛与甘德、玛多牦牛群体间均呈中等遗传分化外(0.05＜Fst＜0.15)，其他牦牛群体间分化程度均较弱(0＜Fst＜0.05)。聚类分析结果显示，4个牦牛群体明显地聚为2类，其中久治、玛多牦牛群体最先聚在一起，再与甘德牦牛群体聚为一类，而班玛牦牛群体单独为一类。系统发育分析表明，除班玛牦牛群体由1个父系支系(Y1)组成外，其他3个牦牛群体均由2个父系支系(Y1和Y2)组成。【结论】本研究基于Y染色体分子标记初步揭示了青海省果洛藏族自治州4个牦牛群体的父系遗传多样性、分化程度和群体遗传结构，4个牦牛群体拥有较为丰富的父系遗传多样性，存在2个父系起源；群体间父系遗传分化程度较弱，但父系遗传结构存在一定差异。研究结果为当地牦牛遗传资源的保种选育和开发利用提供了理论依据。

关键词: 牦牛; 遗传多样性; 父系起源; 群体结构; Y染色体单核苷酸多态性; Y染色体微卫星

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective was to explore the paternal origin, population genetic structure, genetic diversity and differentiation of yaks in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai. 【Method】 The paternal genetic analysis of 144 yaks from 4 populations of Maduo, Jiuzhi, Gande and Banma was carried out through genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing.It mainly included 5 Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNPs) markers (SRY4, USP9Y, UTY19, AMELY3 and OFD1Y10) and 1 Y chromosome microsatellite (Y-STR) marker (INRA189).Haplotype diversity (Hd) and fixed differentiation index (Fst) were analyzed to evaluate the paternal genetic diversity and population genetic differentiation degree of yak populations.The UPGMA tree map and Network mediator map were constructed by Mega 5.05 and Network 10.1, respectively, to explore the paternal genetic relationship and population structure of yak populations. 【Result】 A total of 7 Y chromosome haplotypes were identified from 4 yak populations in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai.6, 4, 4 and 4 haplotypes of Maduo, Jiuzhi, Gande and Banma yaks were identified respectively.2 specific haplotypes (H2Y1 and H3Y1) and 1 specific haplotype (H7Y1) were detected in Maduo and Banma yaks, respectively.Genetic diversity analysis showed that the paternal genetic diversity of the 4 yak populations was relatively rich (Hd＝0.506), among which the haplotype diversity of Madao yak was the highest (Hd＝0.632), and that of Gande yak was the lowest (Hd＝0.324).The results of genetic differentiation showed that the genetic differentiation between Banma and Gande, and Madao yak populations was moderate (0.05＜Fst＜0.15), and the differentiation degree among other yak populations was weak (0＜Fst＜0.05).Cluster analysis showed that the 4 yak populations were obviously grouped into 2 groups, among which Jiuzhi and Maduo yak populations were first grouped together, and then grouped together with Gande yak populations, while Banma yak population was grouped separately.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Banma yak was composed of 1 paternal lineage (Y1), while the other 3 yak populations were composed of 2 paternal lineages (Y1 and Y2). 【Conclusion】 This study preliminarily revealed the paternal genetic diversity, degree of differentiation, and genetic structure of 4 yak populations in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, using Y chromosome molecular markers, which indicated that the 4 yak populations possessed relatively rich paternal genetic diversity and had 2 paternal origins.The results provided a theoretical basis for the preservation, breeding, development and utilization of local yak genetic resources.

Key words: yak; genetic diversity; paternal origin; population structure; Y-SNP; Y-STR

中图分类号:

S823.85

曹萍, 李瑞哲, 陈生梅, 薛斌, 韩生兰, 梅萨, 达桑, 才加, 孙永刚, 马志杰. 青海省果洛藏族自治州4个牦牛群体父系遗传分子评估[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(9): 3948-3957.

CAO Ping, LI Ruizhe, CHEN Shengmei, XUE Bin, HAN Shenglan, MEI Sa, DA Sang, CAI Jia, SUN Yonggang, MA Zhijie. Paternal Genetic Molecular Assessment of Four Yak Populations in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(9): 3948-3957.

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青海省果洛藏族自治州4个牦牛群体父系遗传分子评估

Paternal Genetic Molecular Assessment of Four Yak Populations in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai

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