西藏阿里地区改则县野血牦牛屠宰性能及其肉品质特性研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.04.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在比较西藏阿里地区改则县不同性别野血牦牛的屠宰性能和牛肉营养成分和组成。【方法】随机选取了阿里改则县区域5~6岁、自然放牧、体况相近且良好的野血牦牛10头,公母各半,体重分别为(299.00±30.50)和(247.00±10.20) kg。通过开展屠宰试验研究阿里改则县区域野血牦牛屠宰性能、胴体性状及其肌肉营养品质特性。【结果】阿里野血公牦牛宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、骨重和管围均显著或极显著高于母牦牛(P＜0.05;P＜0.01),其他体尺指标及屠宰指标均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。公牦牛胴体长、胴体宽、胴体深、胴体胸深、后腿围、大腿肉厚和眼肌面积均显著或极显著高于母牦牛(P＜0.05;P＜0.01),而母牦牛背膘厚度极显著高于公牦牛(P＜0.01)。公牦牛肌肉水分含量显著高于母牦牛(P＜0.05),母牦牛肌内脂肪含量极显著高于公牦牛(P＜0.01),蛋白质、胆固醇、矿物质、维生素含量及氨基酸组成在性别之间均无显著差异(P＞0.05),氨基酸比例均为理性型优质蛋白质来源。脂肪酸组成上,阿里野血母牦牛肉中十五烷酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、花生酸、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和总脂肪酸(TFA)均显著或极显著高于公牦牛(P＜0.05;P＜0.01),公牦牛肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸(PUFA/SFA)显著高于母牦牛(P＜0.05)。【结论】性别对阿里野血牦牛屠宰性能及其肉品质具有一定影响,其中阿里野血公牦牛胴体性状更为突出;野血母牦牛背最长肌较高的肌内脂肪、优质的氨基酸组成和丰富的UFA含量使其肉质营养价值比公牦牛稍好。本研究结果为阿里野血牦牛新品种定向培育及家牦牛提纯复壮与种业创新发展提供基础数据。

关键词: 西藏阿里地区; 野血牦牛; 屠宰性能; 肉品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this experiment was to compare the slaughter performance and meat nutritional composition of different genders of wild-blooded yaks in Gaize county of Ngari prefecture of Tibet.【Method】 Ten wild-blooded yaks in good condition and grazing naturally (half males and half females,aged 5-6 years,body weight 299.00 kg±30.50 kg and 247.00 kg±10.20 kg,respectively),were randomly selected from Gaize county of Ngari prefecture.Slaughter trials were conducted to study the slaughter performance,carcass traits and meat nutritional quality characteristics of wild-blooded yaks.【Result】 The pre-slaughter live weight,carcass weight,net meat weight,bone weight and tube circumference of male yaks with wild-blooded in Ngari prefecture were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of female yaks (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while other slaughter and body condition indicators were not significantly different (P＞0.05).The carcass length,carcass width,carcass depth,carcass breast depth,hind leg circumference,thigh meat thickness and eye muscle area of male yaks were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of female yaks (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while backfat thickness of female yaks was extremely significantly higher than that of male yaks (P＜0.01).The moisture content of male yak beef was significantly higher than that of female yaks (P＜0.05),the intramuscular fat content of female yaks was extremely significantly higher than that of male yaks (P＜0.01),there was no significant difference in protein,cholesterol,minerals,vitamin content and amino acid composition between the different genders (P＞0.05).And the amino acid ratio was rational for high quality protein source.In terms of fatty acid composition,C15∶0,C16∶0,C16∶1,C17∶0,C18∶0,C18∶1n9c,C20∶0,SFA,MUFA and TFA in female yak beef were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in male yak beef (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and PUFA/SFA in male yak beef were significantly higher than that in female yak beef (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Gender had a certain influence on the slaughter performance and meat quality of wild-blooded yak in Ngari prefecture.The carcass traits of male yak was more prominent.The high intramuscular fat,high-quality amino acid composition and rich UFA content of the longissimus dorsi muscle of female yak made its meat quality and nutritional value slightly better than that of male yak,which provided basic data for the targeted breeding of new breeds of wild-blooded yak and the development of domestic yak purification and breeding innovation.

Key words: Ngari prefecture of Tibet; wild-blooded yak; slaughter performance; meat quality

中图分类号:

S823

索朗多吉, 张群英, 张强, 平措占堆, 巴多, 巴桑旺堆, 龙瑞军, 洛桑顿珠. 西藏阿里地区改则县野血牦牛屠宰性能及其肉品质特性研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(4): 1603-1612.

SUOLANG Duoji, ZHANG Qunying, ZHANG Qiang, PINGCUO Zhandui, BA Duo, BASANG Wangdui, LONG Ruijun, LUOSANG Dunzhu. Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics Assessment of Wild-blooded Yaks in Gaize County of Ngari Prefecture of Tibet[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(4): 1603-1612.

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