地衣芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道形态结构的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.12.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究饲粮中添加不同水平地衣芽孢杆菌BCG对肉鸡生长性能和健康的影响，探究其对肉鸡的益生作用效果，为其在实际生产中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用单因素试验设计，选取180只体重相近（42.62 g±0.82 g）、健康状况良好的1日龄爱拔益加（AA）肉仔鸡，随机分为3个处理，每个处理6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。对照组（CT组）饲喂基础饲粮，地衣芽孢杆菌处理组（BCG1和BCG2组）分别在基础饲粮中添加1.0×10⁸和1.0×10⁹ CFU/kg地衣芽孢杆菌。试验鸡分1~21和22~42日龄2个阶段饲养，试验期为42 d。在21和42日龄时以重复为单位对各组肉鸡空腹称重并统计各阶段采食量，计算平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）；每个重复选取2只鸡采集血液，测定血常规、血清生化和免疫指标；42日龄时屠宰并分离肠道，观察小肠形态结构，测定肠绒毛高度（VH）和隐窝深度（CD），计算绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值（VH/CD）。【结果】①与CT组相比，42日龄时，BCG2组肉鸡体重显著提高（P<0.05）；在22~42日龄，BCG2组肉鸡ADG和ADFI均显著提高（P<0.05），其ADG显著高于BCG1组（P<0.05）；在1~42日龄，BCG1和BCG2组ADG和ADFI均显著提高（P<0.05），且两组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。②21日龄时，与CT组相比，BCG2组肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、IgM和IgG含量均显著提高（P<0.05），内毒素（ET）活性显著降低（P<0.05），且血清IgA和IgM含量均显著高于BCG1组（P<0.05）；在42日龄时，饲粮中添加BCG对血常规指标和IgA、IgM及IgG含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。③42日龄时，BCG2组空肠VH显著高于CT组（P<0.05），VH/CD显著高于CT和BCG1组（P<0.05）。【结论】地衣芽孢杆菌BCG能够提高肉鸡生长性能，增强肉鸡前期体液免疫和肠道屏障功能，改善肉鸡肠道形态结构，以添加1.0×10⁹ CFU/kg地衣芽孢杆菌的益生效果更佳。

关键词: 地衣芽孢杆菌BCG; 肉鸡; 生长性能; 血清生化指标; 肠道形态结构

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of Bacillus licheniformis BCG on growth performance and health of broilers, explore the probiotic effect of BCG on broilers and provide theoretical basis for the application in production.【Method】 A single factor experimental design was adopted, 180 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers with similar body weight (42.62 g±0.82 g) and good health conditions were selected and randomly divided into 3 treatments, and each treatment included 6 replicates with 10 chickens per replicate.The broilers in control group (CT group) were fed with the basal diet, and the broilers in Bacillus licheniformis treatment groups (BCG1 and BCG2 groups) were supplemented with 1.0×10⁸ and 1.0×10⁹ CFU/kg of Bacillus licheniformis BCG in the basal diet, respectively.The trial period was divided into two feeding stages, 1 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days, with a duration of 42 days.On days 21 and 42, the broilers in each group were weighed on an empty stomach in the unit of replication and feed intake at each stage was recorded to calculate average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI).Two chickens per replication were selected to collect blood and to measure blood routine indexes, serum biochemistry and serum immunity related indexes.On day 42, small intestine was separated after slaughtering, and the intestinal morphological structure was observed to measure villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and to calculate the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD).【Result】 ① Compared with CT group, the body weight of broilers in BCG2 group was significantly increased on day 42 (P<0.05).During days 22 to 42, the ADG and ADFI in BCG2 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the former was significantly higher then that in BCG1 group (P<0.05).During days 1 to 42, both ADG and ADFI in BCG1 and BCG2 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the BCG1 and BCG2 groups (P>0.05).② On day 21, compared with CT group, the contents of the serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM and IgG in BCG2 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the endotoxin activity was significantly decreased (P<0.05).The content of serum IgA and IgM in the BCG 2 group were significantly higher than those in BCG1 group (P<0.05).On day 42, the addition of Bacillus licheniformis BCG had no significant effect on blood routine indexes and IgA, IgM and IgG contents (P>0.05).③ On day 42, the VH of jejunum in BCG2 group was significantly higher than that in CT group (P<0.05), and VH/CD of jejunum in BCG2 group was significantly higher than that in CT and BCG1 groups (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Bacillus licheniformis BCG supplementation could improve the growth performance of broilers, enhance humoral immunity and intestinal barrier function in the early stage of broilers, and improve the morphological structure of the small intestinal tract.The prebiotic effect was better with the addition amount of 1.0×10⁹ CFU/kg.

Key words: Bacillus licheniformis BCG; broilers; growth performance; serum biochemical indexes; intestinal morphology

中图分类号:

S816.7

王佳昕, 韩云胜, 蔡红英, 闻治国, 许鑫, 赵子涛, 孟昆, 杨培龙. 地衣芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道形态结构的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(12): 4593-4603.

WANG Jiaxin, HAN Yunsheng, CAI Hongying, WEN Zhiguo, XU Xin, ZHAO Zitao, MENG Kun, YANG Peilong. Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(12): 4593-4603.

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