新疆乌昌地区与喀什地区规模化牛场嗜冷菌分离鉴定及污染源分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.05.024

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 1498-1505.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.05.024

新疆乌昌地区与喀什地区规模化牛场嗜冷菌分离鉴定及污染源分析

李建洲¹, 赵艳坤², 王富兰², 陈贺², 马昕¹, 范雪¹, 杜晓慧¹, 李明¹, 邵伟¹

1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 新疆肉乳用草食动物营养实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所, 农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室, 新疆农产品质量安全实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091

出版日期:2020-05-20 发布日期:2020-05-18
通讯作者: 邵伟 E-mail:67696000@qq.com
作者简介:李建洲(1995-),男,山东德州人,硕士生,研究方向:动物生产,E-mail:lijianzhou@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划-泌乳中后期奶牛高效养殖技术集成与示范（2018YFD0501601-05-1）；新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金（2019D01B32）；农业农村部奶及奶制品质量安全控制重点实验室开放课题（2018KLMDP002）；自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目（KY2019031）；自治区重点实验室开放课题（2018D04016）

Isolation and Identification of Psychrotrophic Bacteria on Large-scale Cattle Farms and Analysis of Pollution Sources in Xinjiang Wuchang and Kashgar Areas

LI Jianzhou¹, ZHAO Yankun², WANG Fulan², CHEN He², MA Xin¹, FAN Xue¹, DU Xiaohui¹, LI Ming¹, SHAO Wei¹

1. College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk in Xinjiang, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Institute of Quality Standard&Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, China

Online:2020-05-20 Published:2020-05-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在了解南北疆地区规模化牛场嗜冷菌污染情况，为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。在气温（TM）和相对湿度（HR）相似情况下，采集新疆乌昌地区与喀什地区的6个牛场8个采集点样品共计396份，采用GB 4789.2-2016《食品国家安全标准食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》进行嗜冷菌分离与培养，并进行BLAST序列鉴定。鉴定结果显示，从乌昌地区与喀什地区共分离嗜冷菌276株，通过%ID鉴定确定优势嗜冷菌15株，分别为苏云金芽孢杆菌、假单孢菌属、蜡状芽孢杆菌、芽孢杆菌属、不动杆菌属、环状芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜冷杆菌属、血链球菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、节杆菌属、荧光假单胞菌、链球菌属、类芽孢杆菌、微小杆菌属。比较两地区间的差异，结果表明，乌昌地区与喀什地区在卧床土、饲料、空气中所分离的菌种类型总量最多；喀什地区除管道口环境外其余7个环境点嗜冷菌数量均低于乌昌地区，其中喀什地区卧床土、奶罐口和饲料中的菌量极显著或显著低于乌昌地区（P<0.01；P<0.05），而管道口菌量极显著高于喀什地区（P<0.01）。综上所述，在温度、湿度、光照条件相似情况下，管理水平对南北疆地区牛场嗜冷菌污染有很大影响，应对不同地区分别建立有针对性的防控措施。本研究为探究南北疆地区生鲜乳污染溯源提供了理论依据。

关键词: 生鲜乳; 嗜冷菌; 危害; 分离鉴定; 溯源

Abstract: The purpose of the experiment was to understand the contamination of the psychrotrophiles in the large-scale cattle farms in the north and south Xinjiang,and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of effective prevention and control measures.Total of 396 samples were collected from 8 sampling points of 6 cattle farms in Wuchang and Kashgar regions under similar conditions of temperature (TM) and relative humidity (HR).GB 4789.2-2016 National Food Safety Standard for Food Microbiological Testing Determination of Total Colonies was used to isolate and culture psychrotrophiles,and BLAST sequence identification was performed.According to the results,276 strains of halophilic bacteria were isolated from Wuchang region and Kashgar region.Through %ID identification,15 dominant psychrophilic bacteria were identified,including Bacillus thuringiensis,Pseudomonas,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus,Acinetobacter,Bacillus circulans,Bacillus licheniformis,Psychrobacter,Streptococcus sanguis,Bacillus megaterium,Arthrobacter,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Streptococcus,Paenibacillus,Exiguobacterium.Compare the differences between the two places,the results showed that the total number of strains isolated in bed soil,feed and air were the most in Wuchang and Kashgar area.The number of chilling bacteria in 7 environmental sites except the environment of the pipeline group in Kashgar area were lower than that in Wuchang area.Among them,the amount of bacteria in the bed soil,milk tank mouth and feed in Kashgar area were extremely significant or significantly lower than that in Wuchang area (P<0.01;P<0.05).The amount of bacteria in the mouth of the pipeline was significantly higher than that in Kashgar (P<0.01).To sum up,under similar conditions of temperature,humidity and illumination,the management level had a great influence on the contamination of psychrophiles in cattle farms in north and south Xinjiang and the corresponding control measures should be established in different regions.This study provided a theoretical basis for exploring the source of raw milk pollution in north and south Xinjiang.

Key words: raw milk; psychrophiles; harm; isolation and identification; traceability

中图分类号:

Q933

李建洲, 赵艳坤, 王富兰, 陈贺, 马昕, 范雪, 杜晓慧, 李明, 邵伟. 新疆乌昌地区与喀什地区规模化牛场嗜冷菌分离鉴定及污染源分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(5): 1498-1505.

LI Jianzhou, ZHAO Yankun, WANG Fulan, CHEN He, MA Xin, FAN Xue, DU Xiaohui, LI Ming, SHAO Wei. Isolation and Identification of Psychrotrophic Bacteria on Large-scale Cattle Farms and Analysis of Pollution Sources in Xinjiang Wuchang and Kashgar Areas[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(5): 1498-1505.

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新疆乌昌地区与喀什地区规模化牛场嗜冷菌分离鉴定及污染源分析

Isolation and Identification of Psychrotrophic Bacteria on Large-scale Cattle Farms and Analysis of Pollution Sources in Xinjiang Wuchang and Kashgar Areas

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