噬菌体在防控畜禽细菌性感染中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.01.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，因持续饲喂或滥用抗生素而引起的耐药性、药物残留和食品安全等问题日益严重，尤其是多重耐药和泛耐药菌的出现严重威胁着人类的健康。因此，寻找一种安全、高效的抗生素替代品是保障动物源食品安全、提高动物健康水平，及促进社会发展的必然需求。噬菌体是一类能够侵染细菌、真菌、放线菌等微生物的病毒总称，与传统抗生素相比，噬菌体具有存在广泛、特异性强、安全和研发成本低等优势。人类关于噬菌体的研究报道由来已久，但是随着抗生素和化学抗菌药物的大量出现，噬菌体在欧美等发达国家的研究一度中断，直至20世纪80年代，由于多重耐药菌的出现，人类又重新重视噬菌体的研究，随着现代生物技术的发展，噬菌体已广泛应用到人类疫病防控、动植物病原菌清除及保障食品安全等方面，已成为人类对抗细菌性感染的利器。作者简述了噬菌体生物学特性、噬菌体疗法优缺点，以及防控猪、鸡的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、弯曲杆菌等常见细菌性感染方面的研究，以期为动物生产应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 噬菌体; 细菌性感染; 多重耐药

Abstract: In recent years,it has resulted in significant misuse and overuse of antibiotics contributing to the emergence of antibiotic resistant,drug residue and food safty.Especially,the emergence of multi-resistant and pan resistant bacteria has threated the human health.Therefore,it is necessary to find a safe and effective antibiotic substitute to ensure animal-derived food,improve animal health and promote social development.Bacteriophage are defined as viruses that infect bacteria,fungus and actinomycetes.Compared with traditional antibiotics,bacteriophage has many advantages for therapeutic purpose,including existence wildly,high specificity,safety,low cost,and become the weapon with human fighting bacterial infections.The early history of phage therapy has been controlled by bacterial infection.However,the emergence of antibiotic and chemical antibacterial agent,phage research and therapy was largted to medical history in the western countries.Until 1980s,the emergence of multidrug resisitant bacteria has led researcher to re-consider phage therapy.With the development of modern biotechnology,new investigations were focused on the use of phage therapy in the treatment of human infections as well as in crop,veterinary and food safety.The authors reviewed the biological characteristics of phage,advantages and disadvantages of phage therapy,prevention E.coil,Salmonella and Campylobacter infections in livestock and poultry,and provided a theoretical reference for the further applications in animal production.

Key words: bacteriophage; bacterial infection; multi-drug resistant

中图分类号:

Q939.48

魏炳栋, 丛聪, 李淑英, 李纪彬, 于维, 杨欢, 徐永平, 王欣. 噬菌体在防控畜禽细菌性感染中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(1): 190-200.

WEI Bingdong, CONG Cong, LI Shuying, LI Jibin, YU Wei, YANG Huan, XU Yongping, WANG Xin. Application of Bcteriophage to Prevent and Control Bacterial Infection in Livestock and Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(1): 190-200.

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