内蒙古呼和浩特生鲜乳质量分级评价研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.12.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在分析季节及养殖模式（奶罐奶和散卖奶）对内蒙古呼和浩特生鲜乳质量的影响，并根据中国生鲜乳质量分级标准对呼和浩特奶罐奶进行质量分级，为内蒙古生鲜乳营养品质提升及质量安全评定提供参考依据。于2017~2018年每个季度分别采集呼和浩特不同地区奶牛养殖场生鲜乳30批次，两年共计240批次。根据NY/T 2659-2014、NY/T 800-2004、GB 4789.2-2016方法测定生鲜乳乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数、菌落总数，并对其差异进行比较。结果显示，2017和2018年呼和浩特生鲜乳乳脂率总体表现为第4季度较高；乳蛋白率最高值均出现在第4季度，分别为3.46%和3.47%，显著高于其他季度（P<0.05）；菌落总数最高值均出现在第3季度，分别为2.50×10⁴和6.00×10⁴ CFU/mL，显著高于其他季度（P<0.05）；2017年生鲜乳体细胞数在第1季度最高（39.90×10⁴个/mL），显著高于其他季度（P<0.05），2018年生鲜乳体细胞数未表现出明显季节性差异（P>0.05）。2017~2018年呼和浩特家庭式散卖奶乳脂率显著低于规模化牧场的奶罐奶（P<0.05），体细胞数及菌落总数均显著高于奶罐奶（P<0.05）。2017年奶罐奶乳脂率、乳蛋白率与2018年相比无显著差异（P>0.05），但体细胞数显著高于2018年（P<0.05），菌落总数显著低于2018年（P<0.05）。综上所述，季节对2017和2018年内蒙古呼和浩特生鲜乳乳脂率、乳蛋白率和菌落总数影响较大，对体细胞影响不明显。2017和2018年呼和浩特家庭式散卖奶质量安全水平明显低于规模化牧场奶罐奶，奶罐奶质量安全水平较高，达到特优级标准，规模化养殖方式及优质乳生产将成为必然趋势。

关键词: 内蒙古; 呼和浩特; 生鲜乳; 质量; 分级; 季节

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of season and culture mode (canned milk and scattered milk) on the quality of raw milk in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,and evaluate the quality of Hohhot canned milk according to the quality grading standard coming out in China,in order to provide reference for quality improvement and safety evaluation of raw milk in Inner Mongolia.Thirty batches of raw milk were collected from different dairy farm of Hohhot in each quarter from 2017 to 2018,a total of 240 batches in two years.According to the method of NY/T 2659-2014,NY/T 800-2004,GB 4789.2-2016 to detemine the milk fat rate,milk protein rate,somatic cell count (SCC) and colony count of raw milk.The results showed that the milk fat rate of raw milk in Hohhot from 2017 to 2018 were higher in the fourth quarter;The milk protein rate in the fourth quarter were 3.46% and 3.47%,which were significantly higher than that in the other quarters (P<0.05);The colony count in the third quarter were 2.50×10⁴ and 6.00×10⁴ CFU/mL,which were significantly higher than that in the other quarters (P<0.05);The SCC of fresh milk in 2017 was the highest in the first quarter (39.90×10⁴/mL),which were significantly higher than that in the other quarters (P<0.05),but there was no significant seasonal difference in SCC of fresh milk in 2018 (P>0.05).From 2017 to 2018,the milk fat rate of scattered milk produced by family breeding mode in Hohhot was significantly lower than that of canned milk produced by large-scale breeding mode,while SCC and colony count were significantly higher than that of canned milk (P<0.05).There were no significant difference in the milk fat rate and milk protein rate of canned milk between 2017 and 2018 (P>0.05),but SCC was significantly higher than that in 2018 (P<0.05),and the colony count was significantly lower than that in 2018 (P<0.05).To sum up,the seasons had a great influence on the milk fat rate,milk protein rate and the colony count of raw milk in Hohhot from 2017 to 2018,but had no obvious influence on SCC.In 2017 and 2018,the quality and safety level of family scattered milk were obviously lower than that of large-scale canned milk.The quality and safety level of canned milk were relatively high and reached the excellent standard.Therefore,large-scale breeding mode and high-quality milk production would become an inevitable trend.

Key words: Inner Mongolia; Hohhot; raw milk; quality; grading; season

中图分类号:

TS252.2

宋洁, 敖长金, 王丽芳. 内蒙古呼和浩特生鲜乳质量分级评价研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(12): 3590-3597.

SONG Jie, AO Changjin, WANG Lifang. Study on Grading Evaluation of Raw Milk Quality in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(12): 3590-3597.

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