霉菌毒素对畜禽的危害及削减方法研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.09.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 霉菌毒素是由不同种属真菌产生的次级代谢物，其对多种动物（包括人在内）具有显著毒性效果，如降低畜禽生产性能、损害脏器功能、影响机体免疫功能、造成细胞和DNA氧化损伤，甚至导致动物死亡等。饲料及其原料霉菌毒素污染是一个广泛的、全球性的问题，既可在作物田间生长时产生，也可在仓储期间产生，给畜禽养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失，防控霉菌生长及去除饲料中霉菌毒素已成为国内外研究的热点。实际上，不同霉菌毒素对不同动物的损害具有差异性，而在畜禽养殖过程中添加适当物质（如蒙脱石和酶制剂等）可有效抑制霉菌毒素活性，缓解霉菌毒素的毒性。作者详细论述了玉米赤霉烯酮、烟曲霉毒素、呕吐毒素、T-2毒素、黄曲霉毒素和烟曲霉毒素对畜禽的危害，并从物理、化学、生物角度介绍了削减饲料及其原料中霉菌毒素的方法，旨在为合理有效防控霉菌毒素毒害及保障畜禽健康养殖提供参考。

关键词: 霉菌毒素; 畜禽; 毒性; 削减方法

Abstract: Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different fungi,which have significant toxic effects on animals and humans,including reducing livestock and poultry production performance,damaging organ function,affecting the immune function of the body,causing oxidative damage to cells and DNA,and even leading to animal death.Mycotoxin contamination of feed and raw materials is a widespread,global problem that can occur both in crop field and during storage.Based on this,each year,the contamination of the feed and its raw materials has caused huge economic losses to the livestock and poultry breeding industry.Therefore,prevention and control of mold growth and removal of mycotoxins in feed has become a hot research topic at home and abroad.Indeed,different mycotoxins have different adverse effect on different animals,and the addition of appropriate substances (montmorillonite and enzyme preparations) during livestock and poultry breeding can effectively inhibit the mycotoxin activity and alleviate the toxicity of mycotoxins.In this paper,the harm of zearalenone,fumonisins,deoxynivalenol,T-2 mycotoxin,aflatoxins and ochratoxins to livestock and poultry were systematically discussed and the methods of reducing mycotoxins in feed and its raw materials from the physical,chemical and biological perspectives were introduced,so as to provide a basis for the rational and effective prevention and control of mycotoxins contamination and the protection of healthy breeding of livestock and poultry.

Key words: mycotoxins; livestock; toxicity; reduction methods

中图分类号:

S816

黄珂, 温晓鹿, 王丽, 蒋宗勇. 霉菌毒素对畜禽的危害及削减方法研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(9): 2600-2607.

HUANG Ke, WEN Xiaolu, WANG Li, JIANG Zongyong. Progress Research on the Hazard of Mycotoxins to Livestock and Poultry and the Methods of Reduction[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(9): 2600-2607.

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