性别和屠宰体重对广益黑猪胴体性能和肉品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.06.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究性别及不同屠宰体重阶段对广益黑猪胴体性能和肉品质的影响，以期了解其种质特性，为广益黑猪的科学饲喂、肉品质调控及合理利用等提供理论依据。【方法】本研究对30头广益黑猪(公母各半)胴体性能、肉品质和营养成分进行测定，将数据按照不同性别和屠宰体重阶段(80～90、91～100、101～110 kg)分别进行统计分析。【结果】80～90 kg广益黑猪的胃、心脏和肝脏重量均显著低于101～110 kg猪(P＜0.05)。广益黑猪屠宰率和瘦肉率分别为74.02%和56.93%；与91～100和101～110 kg猪相比，80～90 kg猪胴体长最小(P＜0.01)。广益黑猪肌肉肉色评分(45 min)和肌内脂肪含量分别为3.77和4.52%；与91～100和101～110 kg猪相比，80～90 kg猪肌肉pH_{24 h}(P＜0.01)和肌苷酸含量(P＜0.05)最低。广益黑猪肌肉中氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量分别为20.26%、15.48%和9.04%，其中80～90和91～100 kg阶段存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。广益黑猪肌肉中钙、铜、镁、钠和锌含量分别为35.25、0.36、275.47、433.43和14.82 mg/kg，钾含量为0.41%，其中80～90 kg猪肌肉中钠含量显著高于91～100 kg猪(P＜0.05)，镁含量显著低于101～110 kg猪(P＜0.05)。广益黑猪肌肉中单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、总不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸含量分别为45.25%、9.25%、54.50%和45.25%。性别对广益黑猪胴体性能和肉品质均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。广益黑猪平均背膘厚与眼肌面积、腿臀比例和脂率均存在极显著正相关(P＜0.01)，与瘦肉率存在极显著负相关(P＜0.01)；大理石纹评分与肌内脂肪含量存在极显著正相关(P＜0.01)。【结论】广益黑猪肉品佳，肌肉氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质含量均很丰富，必需氨基酸和风味氨基酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸构成比例理想；其胴体性能和肉质性状与性别无关，与屠宰体重有关，91～100 kg为其最适宜上市屠宰体重。

关键词: 广益黑猪; 性别; 屠宰体重; 胴体性能; 肉质性状

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to understand the germplasm characteristics and provide theoretical basis for scientific feeding,meat quality control and rational utilization of Guangyi Black pigs,the effects of gender and different slaughter weight on carcass performance and meat quality in Guangyi Black pigs were investigated in this study.【Method】 The carcass performance,meat quality and nutrient components in 30 Guangyi Black pigs (half male and half female) were measured,and the data were statistically analyzed according to different genders and slaughter weight stages (80-90,91-100 and 101-110 kg).【Result】 The weight of stomach,heart and liver of 80-90 kg Guangyi Black pigs were significantly lower than that of 101-110 kg pigs (P＜0.05).The slaughter rate and lean meat rate of Guangyi Black pigs were 74.02% and 56.93%,respectively.Compared with 91-100 and 101-110 kg pigs,80-90 kg pigs had the smallest carcass length (P＜0.05).The meat color score (45 min) and intramuscular fat content in Guangyi Black pigs were 3.77 and 4.52%,respectively.Compared with 91-100 and 101-110 kg pigs,the pH_{24 h} (P＜0.01) and inosinic acid content (P＜0.05) of meat in 80-90 kg pigs were the lowest.The contents of total amino acid (TAA),flavor amino acid (FAA) and essential amino acid (EAA) of meat in Guangyi Black pigs were 20.26%,15.48% and 9.04%,respectively.There was significant difference between 80-90 and 101-110 kg pigs (P＜0.05).The contents of calcium,copper,magnesium,sodium and zinc of meat in Guangyi Black pigs were 35.25,0.36,275.47,433.43 and 14.82 mg/kg,respectively,and the potassium content of meat was 0.41%.The sodium content of meat in 80-90 kg pigs was significantly higher than that in 90-100 kg pigs (P＜0.05),and the magnesium content was significantly lower than that in 101-110 kg pigs (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the contents of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA),polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA),total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) of meat in Guangyi Black pigs were 45.25%,9.25%,54.50% and 45.25%,respectively.Gender had no effect on carcass and meat quality traits in Guangyi Black pigs.The average backfat thickness of Guangyi Black pigs was extremely significantly positively correlated with loin-eye area,leg hip ratio and fat percentage (P＜0.01),and was extremely significantly negatively correlated with lean meat rate (P＜0.01).The marble score in Guangyi Black pigs was extremely significantly positively correlated with intramuscular fat content (P＜0.01).【Conclusion】 Guangyi Black pigs had good meat quality,the contents of meat amino acids,fatty acids and minerals were abundant,and the proportion of EAA and FAA,SFA and UFA was ideal.The carcass and meat quality traits in Guangyi Black pigs were related to slaughter weight,but not to gender,and the most suitable slaughter weight was 91-100 kg.

Key words: Guangyi Black pigs; gender; slaughter weight; carcass traits; meat quality traits

中图分类号:

S828

曹丽华, 李华丽, 任慧波, 罗保明, 刘莹莹, 崔清明, 邓缘, 朱吉, 胡雄贵, 罗建辉, 左剑波, 陈晨, 彭英林. 性别和屠宰体重对广益黑猪胴体性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(6): 2612-2625.

CAO Lihua, LI Huali, REN Huibo, LUO Baoming, LIU Yingying, CUI Qingming, DENG Yuan, ZHU Ji, HU Xionggui, LUO Jianhui, ZUO Jianbo, CHEN Chen, PENG Yinglin. Effects of Gender and Slaughter Weight on Carcass and Meat Quality of Guangyi Black Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2612-2625.

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