桉叶油、薄荷油复合纳米乳制剂的研制

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.05.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研制桉叶油、薄荷油复合纳米乳制剂，为临床应用奠定基础。【方法】试验采用相转变法制备纳米乳，通过单因素试验、伪三元相图法优化组方和工艺，采用染色法确定其类型，借助透射电子显微镜和粒度分析仪确定其形态及粒径分布，建立高效液相色谱法测定主要成分含量；在不同温度、湿度条件下进行稳定性试验；使用二倍稀释法、微量棋盘稀释法进行体外抑菌试验。【结果】纳米乳最优配方为：聚氧乙烯蓖麻油EL 28.54%，1,2-丙二醇9.51%，桉叶油、薄荷油按照1,8-桉叶油素和薄荷醇10∶1比例的混合液9.51%，蒸馏水52.43%。制备的纳米乳为水包油型，具有稀释稳定性，形态为分布均匀的球形，Zeta电位为－3.16 mV，平均粒径为14.6 nm，多分散系数(PDI)为0.211。复合纳米乳中桉叶油和薄荷油含量分别为55.98和5.61 mg/mL；在加速试验中，溶液保持澄清透明态，1,8-桉叶油素和薄荷醇含量分别变为53.85和5.32 mg/mL；在长期试验中，溶液状态稳定，1,8-桉叶油素和薄荷醇含量分别变为53.50和5.33 mg/mL，溶液含量变化均符合要求。体外抑菌试验显示，对沙门菌，复合纳米乳的MIC和MBC值分别为桉叶油纳米乳的1/2、1/4，为薄荷油纳米乳的1/32；对大肠杆菌，复合纳米乳的MIC和MBC值分别为桉叶油纳米乳的1/4、1/2，分别为薄荷油纳米乳的1/128、1/32；对金黄色葡萄球菌，复合纳米乳的MIC和MBC值分别为桉叶油纳米乳的1/2、1/8，为薄荷油纳米乳的1/32；因此，复合纳米乳具有良好的抑菌性，且两药联合对沙门菌、大肠杆菌显示相加作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌显示协同作用，无颉颃作用。【结论】采用相转变法和伪三元相图法制备复合纳米乳制剂，工艺简单，符合纳米乳的质量要求，为难溶性药物的水溶剂制备提供了思路和方法。

关键词: 桉叶油; 薄荷油; 复合制剂; 纳米乳; 抑菌性

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was to develop a composite nanoemulsion of Eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil to lay a foundation for clinical application.【Method】 The nanoemulsion was prepared by phase transition method.The formulation and process were optimized by single factor test and pseudo-ternary phase diagram method.The type was determined by staining method.The morphology and particle size distribution were determined by transmission electron microscopy and particle size analyzer.The content of the main components was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Stability test was carried out under different temperature and humidity conditions.In vitro antibacterial test was carried out by double dilution method and micro chessboard dilution method.【Result】 The optimal formula of nanoemulsion was:Polyoxyethylene castor oil EL 28.54%,1,2-propylene glycol 9.51%,Eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil mixed solution with 1,8-cineole and menthol in a ratio of 10∶1 9.51%,and distilled water 52.43%.The prepared nanoemulsion was oil-in-water type with dilution stability.The morphology was uniformly distributed spherical,with Zeta potential of －3.16 mV,average particle size of 14.6 nm,and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.211.The content of Eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil in the composite nanoemulsion were 55.98 and 5.61 mg/mL，respectively.In the accelerated test,the solution remained clear and transparent,and the contents of 1,8-cineole and menthol changed to 53.85 and 5.32 mg/mL,respectively.In the long-term test,the solution was stable,and the contents of 1,8-cineole and menthol changed to 53.50 and 5.33 mg/mL,respectively,and the changes of solution content were in accordance with the requirements.In vitro antibacterial tests showed that,for Salmonella,the MIC and MBC values of the composite nanoemulsions were 1/2 and 1/4 of those of the Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsions and 1/32 of those of the peppermint oil nanoemulsions,respectively.For Escherichia coli,the MIC and MBC values of the composite nanoemulsions were 1/4 and 1/2 of those of the Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsions and 1/128 and 1/32 of those of the peppermint oil nanoemulsions,respectively.For Staphylococcus aureus,the MIC and MBC values were 1/2 and 1/8 of those of Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion and 1/32 of those of peppermint oil nanoemulsion,respectively.Therefore,the composite nanoemulsion had good antibacterial properties,and the combination of the two drugs showed an additive effect on Salmonella and Escherichia coli,and a synergistic effect on Staphylococcus aureus,without antagonistic effect.【Conclusion】 The composite nanoemulsion preparation was prepared by phase transition method and pseudo-ternary phase diagram method.The process was simple,met the quality requirements of nanoemulsion,and provided ideas and methods for the preparation of aqueous solvents for poorly soluble drugs.

Key words: Eucalyptus oil; peppermint oil; composite preparations; nanoemulsion; antibacterial activity

中图分类号:

S853.7

王晓兰, 高金铎, 许亚改, 刘聚祥. 桉叶油、薄荷油复合纳米乳制剂的研制[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(5): 2305-2317.

WANG Xiaolan, GAO Jinduo, XU Yagai, LIU Juxiang. Preparation of Eucalyptus Oil and Peppermint Oil Composite Nanoemulsion[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2305-2317.

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