绵羊角型分类研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.05.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】对绵羊角型进行系统性分类，以填补目前相关统计数据和文献资料的不足，为畜牧业的品种改良和资源利用提供科学依据。【方法】选取来自山东临沂的小尾寒羊286只、杜寒杂交羊299只和西藏当雄的藏羊195只，对3个群体成熟绵羊的角型进行观察和测量。【结果】绵羊角型不局限于有角和无角，其表型复杂多变。本研究对绵羊角型进行了系统观察与分析，确认了已知类型的镰刀角、畸形角和小角；发现并命名了无角、姜牙角、一大一小角、螺外角、螺内角、外翻角和内扣角。在3个群体的绵羊中，小尾寒羊角型分类最多，且公羊比母羊角型多，公羊角型分为8种，主要角型为螺外角和镰刀角，分别占比35%和31%；母羊角型分为5种，主要角型为镰刀角和无角，分别占比50%和35%。杜寒杂交羊的无角比例高于小尾寒羊，公羊角型分为7种，主要角型为镰刀角和螺内角，分别占比40%和35%；母羊角型分为5种，主要角型为无角，占比76%。藏羊公羊角型分为5种，母羊角型分为4种，螺外角是藏羊公、母羊最为常见的主要角型，占比分别为78%和74%。【结论】通过角长、角形和角尖朝向的分类指标，发现绵羊角型共有10种类型。小尾寒羊以螺外角和镰刀角为主，杜寒杂交羊公羊主要表现为镰刀角和螺内角，而母羊则以无角型为主，藏羊群体则以螺外角为特征。本研究为研究角的遗传机制提供重要理论基础，为后续分子育种提供了参考资源。

关键词: 绵羊; 角型; 分类; 测量; 影响因素

Abstract: 【Objective】 Systematic classification of ovine horn types were carried out to address the deficiencies in current statistical data and literature,thereby offering a scientific reference for the enhancement of livestock breeds and the efficient use of resources.【Method】 Three distinct populations of sheep,including 286 Small-tailed Han sheep, 299 Dorper×Small-tailed Han sheep crossbreed from Linyi,Shandong,and 195 Tibetan sheep from Dangxiong,Tibet were selected for observation and measurement of their horn types.【Result】 The ovine horn phenotype was not confined to horned and polled,but instead exhibit complex and varied characteristics.In this study,a systematic observation and analysis of sheep horn types were conducted,confirming the known types of sickle horn,scurred horn,and small horn,identified and designated the following horn types:Polled,ginger horn,a large and small horn, spiral and horizontal outward extension horn (SHOE horn), spiral and horizontal inward extension horn (SHIE horn),sickle and spiral horn,and inside buckle horn.Among the populations examined,the Small-tailed Han Sheep had the most horn type classifications,with rams having more types than ewes.The horn types of rams were divided into eight distinct types,predominantly featuring SHOE horn and sickle horn,which accounted for 35% and 31%,respectively;The horn types of ewes were categorized into five horn types,with sickle horn and polled being the most common,representing 50% and 35% of the types,respectively.The Dorper×Small-tailed Han sheep crossbreed had a higher proportion of polled sheep compared to the Small-tailed Han sheep.The horn types of rams in this crossbreed were categorized into seven horn types,with sickle horn and SHIE horn as the primary types,each constituting 40% and 35% of the total,respectively;The horn types of ewes were divided into five horn types,with the polled being the most prevalent,comprising 76% of the observed types.The horn types of Tibetan sheep rams were divided into five types,the horn types of ewes were divided into four types,SHOE horn emerged as the most common type among both male and female Tibetan sheep,accounting for 78% and 74% of the respective horn types.【Conclusion】 Sheep horn types were classified based on criteria of horn length,morphology,and the direction of the horn tip,identifying a total of 10 different horn types.The Small-tailed Han sheep population primarily displayed the SHOE horn and sickle horn.Among the Dorper×Small-tailed Han sheep crossbreeds,the rams mainly exhibited the sickle horn and SHIE horn,with the ewes predominantly being polled.This study provided an important theoretical basis for studying the genetic mechanism of horns and served as a reference resource for subsequent molecular breeding.

Key words: sheep; horn type; classification; measurement; influencing factors

中图分类号:

S826.9

单明珠, 周李生, 脑明高娃, 张肖旭, 徐炎, 储明星, 潘章源. 绵羊角型分类研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(5): 2177-2186.

SHAN Mingzhu, ZHOU Lisheng, NAOMING Gaowa, ZHANG Xiaoxu, XU Yan, CHU Mingxing, PAN Zhangyuan. The Classification Study of Ovine Horn Type[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2177-2186.

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