新疆南疆部分地区绵羊体表寄生软蜱种类鉴定及其携带绵羊无浆体的检测分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解新疆南疆部分地区绵羊体表寄生软蜱种类及其携带绵羊无浆体(Anaplasma ovis)的情况，旨在为南疆地区绵羊无浆体病的防控工作提供科学依据。【方法】在2022—2023年间于新疆于田、英吉沙、伽师、策勒、乌什、阿瓦提6个地区采集绵羊体表寄生饥饿软蜱样本134只，对其进行形态学鉴定后，通过PCR方法对软蜱16S rDNA、绵羊无浆体主要表面蛋白4(major surface protein 4，MSP4)基因进行扩增，在GenBank中下载相似度高的序列进行本地多序列比对，并利用Mega X生物软件绘制系统进化树。【结果】经形态学鉴定，软蜱样本背皮无盾板，有星状小窝散在分布，初步鉴定软蜱样品为钝缘蜱属(Ornithodoros)；分子生物学鉴定显示，其16S rDNA基因序列与GenBank中拉合尔钝缘蜱新疆株(登录号：ON159483)遗传距离最近，相似性达100%；经PCR检测软蜱中携带绵羊无浆体，其阳性率可达14.92%(20/134)。将测得的阳性序列与绵羊无浆体新疆株(登录号：OP503167)和苏丹株(登录号：KU497709)MSP4基因序列进行差异比对，有6个位点出现碱基差异，并且存在6个绵羊无浆体基因型，分别命名为LA1、LA2、LA3、LY1、LY2和LT1，登录号依次为：PP997635―PP997640。遗传进化分析发现，绵羊无浆体MSP4基因序列与绵羊无浆体苏丹株(登录号：MF740812)、巴基斯坦株(登录号：MT311203)遗传距离最近，相似性在98.46%～99.68%之间。【结论】新疆南疆部分地区绵羊体表寄生软蜱均为拉合尔钝缘蜱，软蜱样本中绵羊无浆体阳性率为14.92%，且新疆地区绵羊无浆体基因型以LT1型为主。本研究结果丰富了新疆地区软蜱携带无浆体数据信息，可为新疆地区软蜱携带病原的流行病学研究及蜱媒疾病的防控提供理论依据。

关键词: 软蜱; 拉合尔钝缘蜱; 绵羊无浆体; MSP4基因; 遗传进化

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the species of parasitic argasid ticks on the surface of sheep and the infection status of Anaplasma ovis in certain areas of Southern Xinjiang,China,and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of Anaplasma ovis disease in the region.【Method】 A total of 134 samples of hungry argasid ticks from sheep were collected from Yutian,Yingjisha,Jiashi,Qira,Wushi and Awat in Xinjiang from 2022 to 2023.These samples were identified through morphological and molecular biology methods.PCR technique was employed to amplify the 16S rDNA gene of argasid ticks and the major surface protein 4 (MSP4) gene of Anaplasma ovis.Furthermore,sequences with high similarity were retrieved from GenBank for local multiple sequence alignments,and phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega X.【Result】 After morphological identification,the dorsum of the argasid ticks lacked a shield and featured a scattered distribution of stellate fossae,which were initially identified as Ornithodoros. Through molecular biological identification,its 16S rDNA gene sequence was found to be closest to Ornithodoros lahorensis in Xinjiang strain (accession No.：ON159483) in GenBank,with 100% similarity.The detection of Anaplasma ovis in argasid ticks by PCR had a positive rate of 14.92% (20/134).The positive sequence was compared with the MSP4 gene sequence of Xinjiang (accession No.：OP503167) and Sudan (accession No.：KU497709) strains,and 6 base differences and 6 genotypes of Anaplasma ovis were identified,named as LA1,LA2,LA3,LY1,LY2 and LT1，respectively,the accession No.were as follows:PP997635-PP997640.Genetic evolutionary analysis revealed that the MSP4 gene sequence of Anaplasma ovis was closest to Sudan (accession No.：MF740812) and Pakistan (accession No.：MT311203) strains,with similarities ranging from 98.77% to 99.69%.【Conclusion】 The argasid ticks in Southern Xinjiang were all identified as Ornithodoros lahorensis,and the positive rate of Anaplasma ovis from sheep in these samples was 14.92%.The genotype of Anaplasma ovis from sheep in Southern Xinjiang were predominantly type LT1.The results had enriched the Anaplasma ovis database of Xinjiang，and provided a theoretical reference for the epidemiological study of pathogens carried by argasid ticks,as well as for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases in the region.

Key words: argasid ticks; Ornithodoros lahorensis; Anaplasma ovis; MSP4 gene; genetic evolutionary

中图分类号:

S852.74⁺6

朱慧茹, 赵育栋, 刘丹丹, 姜冰冰, 张泽田, 马思楠, 李龙涛, 黄景仁杰, 王永青, 巴音查汗, 张杨, 李永畅, 张伟. 新疆南疆部分地区绵羊体表寄生软蜱种类鉴定及其携带绵羊无浆体的检测分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1825-1835.

ZHU Huiru, ZHAO Yudong, LIU Dandan, JIANG Bingbing, ZHANG Zetian, MA Sinan, LI Longtao, HUANG Jingrenjie, WANG Yongqing, Bayinchahan, ZHANG Yang, LI Yongchang, ZHANG Wei. Species Identification of Parasitic Argasid Ticks and Detection of Anaplasma ovis from Sheep in Some Areas of Southern Xinjiang,China[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1825-1835.

参考文献

[1] 乌尼尔,白翠兰,翟景波,等.内蒙古自治区蜱种类及分布研究概况[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2024,31(1):33-41.WU N E,BAI C L,ZHAI J B,et al.Overview of ticks species and their distribution in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region,China[J].Acta Parasitology et Medica Entomologica Sinica,2004,31(1):33-41.(in Chinese)
[2] CHEN Z,LIU J.A review of argasid ticks and associated pathogens of China[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2022,26(9):865664.
[3] 于心,叶瑞玉,龚正达.新疆蜱类志[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1997.YU X,YE R Y,GONG Z D.Xinjiang Ticks Faune[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Scientific,Technological and Medical Press,1997.(in Chinese)
[4] MORADI-ASL E,JAFARI S.The habitat suitability model for the potential distribution of Ornithodoros tholozani(Laboulbène et Mégnin,1882) and Ornithodoros lahorensis(Neumann,1908)(Acari:Argasidae):The main vectors of tick-borne relapsing fever in Iran[J].Annals of Parasitology,2020,66(3):357-363.
[5] LI S,ZHANG L,ZHOU P,et al.Detection of Babesia spp.,Theileria spp.,and Anaplasma ovis in Ornithodoros lahorensis from Southern Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Veterinary Research, 2023,67(1):79-85.
[6] FORTH J H,FORTH L F,LYCETT S,et al.Identification of African swine fever virus-like elements in the soft tick genome provides insights into the virus'evolution[J].BMC Biology,2020,18(1):136.
[7] DE LA FUENTE J,ATKINSON M W,NARANJO V,et al.Sequence analysis of the MSP4 gene of Anaplasma ovis strains[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2007,119(2-4):375-381.
[8] 张晶.新疆南疆绵羊无浆体流行病学调查及分析[D].阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2017.ZHANG J.Epidemiological investigation and analysis of sheep Anaplasma in Southern Xinjiang[D].Alar:Tarim University,2017.(in Chinese)
[9] BEN SAID M,BELKAHIA H,MESSADI L.Anaplasma spp.in North Africa:A review on molecular epidemiology,associated risk factors and genetic characteristics[J].Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases,2018,9(3):543-555.
[10] BELKAHIA H,BEN SAID M,EL MABROUK N,et al.Seasonal dynamics,spatial distribution and genetic analysis of Anaplasma species infecting small ruminants from Northern Tunisia[J].Infection Genetics Evolution,2017,54:66-73.
[11] RAR V,TKACHEV S,TIKUNOVA N.Genetic diversity of Anaplasma bacteria:Twenty years later[J].Infection Genetics Evolution,2021,91:104833.
[12] LIU Z,MA M,WANG Z,et al.Molecular survey and genetic identification of Anaplasma species in goats from central and Southern China[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(2):464-470.
[13] 金紫薇,罗慧丽,石文玉,等.新疆南疆部分地方品种羊无浆体的分子检测与鉴定[J].动物医学进展,2022,43(2):59-63.JIN Z W,LUO H L,SHI W Y,et al.Molecular detection and identification of Anaplasma spp.in some local breeds of sheep in Southern Xinjiang[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2022,43(2):59-63.(in Chinese)
[14] 陈泽.中国蜱类的系统分类及两种硬蜱的生物学特性分析[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2010.CHEN Z.Taxonomic and systematic research of Chinese ticks and biological characteristic analysis of two hard ticks species[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei Normal University,2010.(in Chinese)
[15] 闻秀秀.新疆部分地区三种硬蜱携带病原、进化分析及绵羊无浆体病的分子诊断[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2019.WEN X X.Detection and evolutionary analysis of pathogens in three ixodes and molecular diagnosis of Anaplasmosis ovis from some areas of Xinjiang[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2019.(in Chinese)
[16] ZHANG Y K,ZHANG X Y,LIU J Z.Ticks (Acari:Ixodoidea) in China:Geographical distribution,host diversity,and specificity[J].Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology,2019,102(3):e21544.
[17] 王奇林,蒋玉曦,徐建平,等.塔里木马鹿体表寄生的软蜱种类及其携带病原的PCR鉴定[J].中国兽医科学,2022,52(3):339-343.WANG Q L,JIANG Y X,XU J P,et al.Species and pathogens identification of soft ticks in Tarim Red deer by PCR[J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2022,52(3):339-343.(in Chinese)
[18] 吕继洲,赵丽,赵昱林,等.拉合尔钝缘蜱的形态学及分子生物学鉴定[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(4):1149-1158.LYU J Z,ZHAO L,ZHAO Y L,et al.Morphological and molecular biology identification of Ornithodoros lahorensis[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(4):1149-1158.(in Chinese)
[19] ALTAY K,EROL U,SAHIN O F.Anaplasma capra:A new emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen[J].Veterinary Research Communications,2024,48(3):1329-1340.
[20] 于昊江,闻秀秀,吾力江,等.昌吉市及周边地区散养牛绵羊无浆体的PCR检测及感染情况调查[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2019,8:64-66.YU H J,WEN X X,WU L J,et al.PCR detection and infection investigation of Anaplasma ovis carried by free-range cattle in Changji city and its surrounding areas[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2019,8:64-66.(in Chinese)
[21] SOOSARAEI M,HAGHI M M,ETEMADIFAR F,et al.Status of Anaplasma spp.infection in domestic ruminants from Iran:A systematic review with Meta-analysis[J].Parasite Epidemiology and Control,2020,11:e00173.
[22] CABEZAS-CRUZ A,GALLOIS M,FONTUGNE M,et al.Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Anaplasma ovis in goats in Corsica,France[J].Parasites&Vectors,2019,12(1):3.
[23] NAEEM M,AMARO-ESTRADA I,TAQADUS A,et al.Molecular prevalence and associated risk factors of Anaplasma ovis in Pakistani sheep[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2023,10:1096418.
[24] M'GHIRBI Y,OPORTO B,HURTADO A,et al.First molecular evidence for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in naturally infected small ruminants in Tunisia,and confirmation of Anaplasma ovis endemicity[J].Pathogens,2022,11:315.
[25] 林留霞,桂成坤,李莲瑞.新疆南疆部分地区绵羊的绵羊无浆体病感染情况调查[J].现代畜牧兽医,2021,3:65-69.LIN L X,GUI C K,LI L R.Investigation on Anaplasma ovis infection of sheep in some areas of Southern Xinjiang[J].Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2021,3:65-69.(in Chinese)
[26] 王金明.新疆地区拉合尔钝缘蜱携带病原检测及解剖结构观察[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2023.WANG J M.Detection of carried pathogens and anatomical structure observation in Ornithodoros lahorensis from Xinjiang[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2023.(in Chinese)
[27] ZHOU M,CAO S,SEVINC F,et al.Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Babesia,Theileria and Anaplasma amongst apparently healthy sheep and goats in the central region of Turkey[J].Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases,2017,8(2):246-252.
[28] HENDRIX G K,BRAYTON K A,BURCHAM G N.Anaplasma ovis as the suspected cause of mortality in a neonatal elk calf[J].Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,2019,31(2):267-270.
[29] 曹树轩.不同宿主动物无浆体感染情况调查及其种系发育分析[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2016.CAO S X.Survey on prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma spp.from different animal speies[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[30] TORINA A,ALONGI A,NARANJO V,et al.Prevalence and genotypes of Anaplasma species and habitat suitability for ticks in a Mediterranean ecosystem[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2008,74(24):7578-7584.
[31] HORNOK S,MICSUTKA A,FERNANDEZ DE MERA I G,et al.Fatal bovine anaplasmosis in a herd with new genotypes of Anaplasma marginale,Anaplasma ovis and concurrent haemoplasmosis[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2012,92(1):30-35.
[32] DI DOMENICO M,PASCUCCI I,CURINI V,et al.Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum genotypes that are potentially virulent for human in wild ruminants and Ixodes ricinus in Central Italy[J].Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases,2016,7(5):782-787.
[33] MAHMOUD H Y A H,TANAKA T,ALI A O,et al.Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma ovis,Theileria ovis,and Theileria lestoquardi in sheep and goats in Luxor,Egypt[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2024,20(1):260.
[34] LADBURY G A,STUEN S,THOMAS R,et al.Dynamic transmission of numerous Anaplasma phagocytophilum genotypes among lambs in an infected sheep flock in an area of anaplasmosis endemicity[J].Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2008,46(5):1686-1691.
[35] STUEN S,VAN DE POL I,BERGSTROM K,et al.Identification of Anaplasma phagocytophila(formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) variants in blood from sheep in Norway[J].Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2002,40(9):3192-3197.
[36] BAHIA M,SILVA L T D,SILVA B M D,et al.Genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale in calves with anaplasmosis on farms in Minas Gerais,Brazil[J].Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases,2021,12(1):101552.
[37] KOLO A.Anaplasma species in Africa-A century of discovery:A review on molecular epidemiology,genetic diversity,and control[J].Pathogens,2023,12(5):702.