动物源性食品中兽药残留前处理及检测技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.043

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 兽药在预防畜禽疾病、促生长、提高饲料转化率方面发挥了不可替代的作用，然而近年来兽药残留引起的食品安全问题屡见不鲜，迫切需要开展动物源性食品中兽药残留检测，以保障食品安全。笔者总结了前处理方法(液-液萃取、固相萃取、加速溶剂萃取、QuEChERS、分散固相萃取和磁性固相萃取)、仪器检测技术((超)高效液相色谱技术、(超)高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术、气相色谱-质谱联用技术、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术)和快速检测技术(免疫学检测技术、生物传感器检测技术、表面增强拉曼光谱技术、微生物抑制分析技术)等在兽药残留检测领域的应用进展，分析了各种前处理方法和检测技术的优缺点，从仪器检测技术和快速检测技术优势互补角度探讨了未来发展方向，以期实现兽药残留快速、便捷、智能化、精准检测，为市场监管提供有力支撑，为食品安全保驾护航。

关键词: 动物源性食品; 兽药残留; 前处理方法; 检测技术

Abstract: Veterinary drugs have played an irreplaceable role in preventing livestock and poultry diseases,promoting growth and improving feed conversion rate.However,food safety problems caused by veterinary drug residues are common in recent years,and it is urgent to carry out detection of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived food to ensure food safety.The author summarized the application progress of pretreatment methods (liquid-liquid extraction,solid phase extraction,accelerated solvent extraction,QuEChERS,dispersive solid-phase extraction and magnetic solid-phase extraction),instrument detection techniques ((ultra) high performance liquid chromatography,(ultra) high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry)，and the rapid detection technology (immunological detection technology,biosensor detection technology,surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and microbial inhibition analysis technology).The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment methods and detection technologies were analyzed,and the future development direction was discussed from the perspective of complementary advantages of instrument detection technology and rapid detection technology.In order to achieve rapid,convenient,intelligent and accurate detection of veterinary drug residues,provided strong support for market supervision and escort food safety.

Key words: food of animal origin; veterinary drug residues; pretreatment; detection technology

中图分类号:

S859.84

陈秀英, 李爱军, 李明阳, 张彩华, 崔亚楠, 周丽娜, 谷守国, 周彦成. 动物源性食品中兽药残留前处理及检测技术研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1914-1923.

CHEN Xiuying, LI Aijun, LI Mingyang, ZHANG Caihua, CUI Yanan, ZHOU Lina, GU Shouguo, ZHOU Yancheng. Research Progress on Pretreatment and Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food of Animal Origin[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1914-1923.

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