中国与欧盟和美国禽肉、禽蛋中兽药残留限量标准的对比研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.06.036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为推进中国食品安全监控体系建设及完善相关的法规标准提供参考，保障食品安全的同时提升中国禽肉、禽蛋产品在国际市场的竞争力，打破国际技术性贸易壁垒，促进国际禽产品贸易繁荣发展。【方法】首先对比分析中国新发布的食品安全国家标准GB 31650－2019《食品安全国家标准食品中兽药最大残留限量》及已废除的农业部公告第235号《动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量》中有关禽肉、禽蛋的兽药残留种类和兽药最大残留限量（MRLs）标准；然后对中国新国家标准与欧盟和美国在禽肉、禽蛋的兽药残留种类区别和MRLs标准的严宽程度等几项内容进行了对比分析。【结果】中国新国家标准对旧标准进行了一定程度上的补充与修改，大部分有关禽肉、禽蛋的MRLs标准与欧盟和美国的标准相同甚至更加严格，这标志着中国兽药残留标准体系进入了新阶段，但部分兽药的MRLs标准仍与欧盟和美国的标准存在一定差异，其中共有包括双氯西林在内的33种兽药的MRLs标准缺失或宽于欧盟和美国。【结论】未来中国仍需结合禽肉、禽蛋的生产情况、兽药实际使用情况及人民消费升级的需求，进一步完善禽肉、禽蛋产品中兽药残留限量的相关标准，使其向国际标准靠拢，提高中国禽肉、禽蛋产品在国际市场上的竞争力，并对进出口产品中兽药的残留情况进行严格监控，防止其影响消费者的健康安全和禽肉、禽蛋的国际贸易发展。

关键词: 兽药残留; 禽肉; 禽蛋; 最大残留限量(MPLs)标准

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for advancing the construction of Chinese food safety monitoring system and improving related regulations and standards, to ensure food safety while enhancing the competitiveness of Chinese poultry meat and egg products in the international market, breaking international technical trade barriers, and promoting the development of international trade in poultry products.【Method】 Firstly, this study comparatively analyzed the types of veterinary drug residues and the standards of veterinary drug maximum residue limits (MRLs) specified in poultry meat and eggs between the new national standard GB 31650-2019 National Food Safety Standards Maximum Residue Limits of Veterinary Drugs in Food and the abolished Ministry of Agriculture Announcement No.235 Maximum Residue Limits of Veterinary Drugs in Animal Food.Then compared the veterinary drug residue types and veterinary drug MRLs standards in poultry meat and eggs specified by the European Union and the United States.【Result】 The results showed that China's new national standard supplemented and modified the old standard to a certain extent, and most of the MRLs standards of poultry meat and eggs were the same or even stricter than those of the European Union and the United States, which indicated that China's veterinary drug residue standard system had entered a new stage.However, the MRLs standards of some veterinary drugs were still different from those of the European Union and the United States.There were 33 types of veterinary drugs including dicloxacillin whose MRLs standards were missing or looser than those of the European Union and the United States.【Conclusion】 In the future, China still needed to further improve the relevant standards for the limits of veterinary drug residues in poultry meat and egg products based on the production situation, the actual use of veterinary drugs, and the needed of people's consumption upgrades, so as to bring them closer to international standards and improve China's competitiveness of poultry meat and eggs in the international market, and strict monitoring of the residues of veterinary drugs in import and export products, to prevent them from affecting the health and safety of consumers and the development of international trade of poultry meat and eggs.

Key words: veterinary drug residues; poultry meat; poultry eggs; MRLs standards

中图分类号:

S859.84

孙星雅, 李强, 王战辉, 余文博, 史为民, 张素霞. 中国与欧盟和美国禽肉、禽蛋中兽药残留限量标准的对比研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(6): 2362-2375.

SUN Xingya, LI Qiang, WANG Zhanhui, YU Wenbo, SHI Weimin, ZHANG Suxia. Comparative Study on Veterinary Drug Residue Limit Standards for Poultry Meat and Eggs in China, EU and USA[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(6): 2362-2375.

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