甘苦提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛消化代谢、瘤胃发酵参数及微生物组成的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究甘草、苦木提取物(以下简称甘苦提取物)与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛消化代谢、瘤胃发酵参数及微生物组成的影响。【方法】选取45头新生中国荷斯坦公犊牛，采用单因素随机试验设计，将犊牛分为3个处理组(每个处理5个重复，每个重复3头牛)，分别为对照组(CON组)、甘苦提取物组(CPE组)和复合制剂组(MMT组)，对照组饲喂代乳粉和基础开食料，CPE和MMT组在代乳粉中分别添加1 g/kg甘苦提取物和1 g/kg甘苦提取物+5 g/kg蒙托石，基础开食料和其他饲养管理与对照组一致。试验期67 d，其中预试期7 d，正试期60 d。于67日龄采集瘤胃液，测定瘤胃发酵指标及微生物组成；68日龄时进行为期7 d的消化代谢试验，测定营养物质表观消化率及能氮代谢指标。【结果】①与CON组相比，MMT和CPE组犊牛有机物、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著提高(P＜0.05)，且2个添加剂组之间无显著差异(P＞0.05)。②与CON组相比，MMT和CPE组犊牛总能消化率、总能和消化能代谢率、氮表观消化率和沉积率，瘤胃液pH、瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸含量和各脂肪酸含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。MMT组哺乳犊牛瘤胃氨态氮和微生物蛋白含量则显著高于对照组和CPE组(P＜0.05)，而CPE组与对照组间无显著差异(P＞0.05)。③MMT组哺乳犊牛瘤胃微生物Simpson指数则较CON和CPE组有升高的趋势(0.05＜P＜0.10)，通过PCoA分析发现，MMT组组内样本之间群落构成差异相对较小，样本相似度较高。MMT组哺乳犊牛瘤胃中厚壁菌门、毛螺菌属、优杆菌属和丁酸弧菌属的相对丰度均显著高于CPE组(P＜0.05)，而与CON组无显著差异(P＞0.05)。【结论】在哺乳期犊牛每千克代乳粉中添加1 g/kg的甘苦提取物及复合制剂(添加1 g的甘苦提取物和5 g的蒙脱石)对犊牛的营养物质消化代谢有改善作用，其中对有机物、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维表观消化率的影响达到显著水平，且添加复合制剂能提高瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成效率以及毛螺菌属、优杆菌属、丁酸弧菌属的相对丰度。

关键词: 植物提取物; 甘草; 苦木; 蒙脱石; 犊牛

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was aimed at studying the effects of licorice,Picrasma quassioides extract (hereinafter referred to as licorice extract) and montmorillonite on the digestion and metabolism,rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition of lactating calves.【Method】 45 newborn Chinese Holstein male calves were selected and subjected to a single factor randomized experimental design.The calves were divided into three treatment groups (5 replicates per treatment,3 calves per replicate):The control group (CON group),the licorice extract group (CPE group),and the compound preparation group (MMT group).The calves in CON group were fed with milk replacer powder and basic feed,the calves in CPE and MMT groups were fed with milk replacers supplemented with 1 g/kg licorice extract and 1 g/kg licorice extract+5 g/kg montmorillonite,respectively.The basic feed and other feeding management were consistent with CON group.The experimental period was 67 days,including a pre-trial period of 7 days and a main trial period of 60 days.Ruminal fluid was collected at 67 days of age to measure rumen fermentation indicators and microbial composition.At 68 days of age,a 7-day digestion and metabolism test was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen metabolism indicators.【Result】 ①Compared with CON group,the apparent digestibility of organic matter,crude fat,and neutral detergent fiber in MMT and CPE groups of calves were significantly increased (P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between the two additive groups (P＞0.05).② Compared with CON group,there were no significant differences in total energy digestibility,total energy and digestible energy metabolism,nitrogen apparent digestibility and deposition rate,pH of rumen fluid,rumen total volatile fatty acid content,and various fatty acid contents between MMT and CPE groups of calves (P＞0.05).The levels of NH₃-N and microbial protein in MMT group of lactating calves were significantly higher than those in CON and CPE groups (P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference between CPE and CON groups (P＞0.05).③ The Simpson index of rumen microbiota in lactating calves in MMT group showed an increasing trend compared to the CON and CPE groups (0.05＜P＜0.10).PCoA analysis revealed that the community composition differences between samples in MMT group were relatively small,and the sample similarity was high.The relative abundance of Firmicutes,Trichomonas,Bacteroides,and Vibrio butyricum in the rumen of lactating calves in MMT group were significantly higher than those in CPE group (P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference compared to CON group (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】 Adding 1 g of licorice extract and a composite preparation (1 g of licorice extract and 5 g of montmorillonite) to every kilogram of milk powder during lactation had an improving effect on the digestion and metabolism of nutrients in calves.The apparent digestibility of organic matter,crude fat,and neutral detergent fiber reached a significant level,and the addition of a composite preparation could increase the synthesis efficiency of rumen microbial proteins and the relative abundance of Helicobacter,Pseudomonas,and Vibrio butyricum genera.

Key words: plant extract; licorice; Picrasma quassioides; montmorillonite; calves

中图分类号:

S823.5

邢中应, 徐翔, 张春桃, 屠焰, 热合曼, 刁其玉, 吴秋珏. 甘苦提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛消化代谢、瘤胃发酵参数及微生物组成的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1603-1615.

XING Zhongying, XU Xiang, ZHANG Chuntao, TU Yan, Rehman, DIAO Qiyu, WU Qiujue. Effects of Iicorice,Picrasma quassioides Extract and Montmorillonite on Digestive Metabolism,Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbial Composition of Lactating Calves[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1603-1615.

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