唐山地区奶犊牛主要腹泻相关病原的流行病学调查

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.07.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】掌握唐山市13个县（市、区）规模化牛场奶犊牛感染性腹泻病原的流行状况，为该地区有效开展奶犊牛腹泻防控工作提供临床数据。【方法】利用PCR技术对唐山市38个奶牛场腹泻犊牛788份腹泻粪样进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus，BVDV）、牛轮状病毒（Bovine rotavirus，BRV）、牛冠状病毒（Bovine coronavirus，BCV）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、沙门氏菌（Salmonella）、产气荚膜梭菌（Clostridium perfringens）、球虫（Coccidia）、隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium）和贾第鞭毛虫（Giardia lamblia）9种病原检测，统计分析其阳性率及混合感染情况。【结果】788份犊牛腹泻粪样中，阳性率最高的为大肠杆菌，为43.53%（343/788）。在所有被检地区，滦南县BVDV的阳性率最高，为45.38%（59/130）；汉沽区BRV和BCV阳性率最高，分别为55.00%（22/40）和37.50%（15/40）；古冶区大肠杆菌和贾第鞭毛虫的阳性率最高，分别为68.75%（11/16）和18.75%（3/16）；路南区沙门氏菌阳性率最高，为35.89%（14/39）；迁安县产气荚膜梭菌的阳性率最高，为20.21%（19/94）；路北区隐孢子虫和球虫的阳性率最高，分别为48.48%（16/33）和57.57%（19/33）。从采样季节来看，春季和夏季BRV阳性率最高，分别为27.71%（46/166）和39.58%（114/288），秋季大肠杆菌阳性率最高，为54.08%（106/196），冬季则以BVDV感染为主，阳性率为52.17%（72/138）。从混合感染情况来看，以BRV＋BCV二重混合感染为主，阳性率为8.37%（66/788），且未见五重及以上病原混合感染。【结论】唐山市13个县（市、区）腹泻奶犊牛群中均存在9种病原感染，阳性率最高的是细菌性病原大肠杆菌，其次是病毒性病原BVDV和BRV。

关键词: 唐山地区; 奶犊牛; 感染性腹泻病原; 分布特征

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemic status of infectious diarrhea pathogens in calves from 13 counties (cities, districts) of Tangshan, and to provide clinical data for the effective prevention and control of diarrhea in calves in this area.【Method】 788 diarrhea fecal samples from 38 dairy farms in Tangshan were used to detect 9 kinds of pathogens Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Bovine rotavirus (BRV), Bovine coronavirus (BCV), Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Coccidia, Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia, and the positive rate and mixed infection were analyzed.【Result】 Among 788 calf diarrhea feces samples, the highest positive rate was Escherichia coli, which was 43.53% (343/788).In all tested areas, Luannan county had the highest infection rate of BVDV, with a positive rate of 45.38% (59/130).The infection rates of BRV and BCV in Hangu district were the highest, with the positive rates of 55.00% (22/40) and 37.50% (15/40), respectively.The infection rates of E.coli and G.lamblia in Guye district were the highest, with the positive rates of 68.75% (11/16) and 18.75% (3/16), respectively.The infection rate of Salmonella in Lunan district was the highest, with a positive rate of 35.89% (14/39).The infection rate of C.perfringens in Qian'an county was the highest, with a positive rate of 20.21% (19/94).The infection rates of Cryptosporidium and Coccidia in Lubei district were the highest, with the positive rates of 48.48% (16/33) and 57.57% (19/33), respectively.From the sampling season, the infection rate of BRV was the highest in spring and summer, with the positive rates of 27.71% (46/166) and 39.58% (114/288), respectively.The infection rate of E.coli was the highest in autumn, with the positive rate of 54.08% (106/196).In winter, BVDV infection was the main infection, with the positive rate of 52.17% (72/138).Judging from the mixed infection situation, the double mixed infection of BRV+BCV was the main, and the positive rate was 8.37% (66/788) and there was no mixed infection of five or more pathogens.【Conclusion】 There were 9 kinds of pathogenic infections in diarrhea dairy calves from 13 counties (cities, districts) of Tangshan and the highest positive rate was bacterial pathogen E.coli, followed by viral pathogens BVDV and BRV.

Key words: Tangshan area; dairy calves; infectious diarrhea pathogen; distribution characteristics

中图分类号:

S858.23

常丽云, 刘志勇, 李华伟, 赵娜, 李成会, 秦建华. 唐山地区奶犊牛主要腹泻相关病原的流行病学调查[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(7): 2854-2864.

CHANG Liyun, LIU Zhiyong, LI Huawei, ZHAO Na, LI Chenghui, QIN Jianhua. Epidemiological Investigation of the Main Diarrhea Related Pathogens in Dairy Calves in Tangshan Area[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(7): 2854-2864.

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