m6A甲基化在骨骼肌发育中的生物学作用及调控机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： N6-甲基腺苷修饰(N6-methyladenosine,m⁶A)，即RNA腺嘌呤A碱基的第6位氮原子发生甲基化，是真核生物细胞中最普遍和最丰富的RNA修饰。动态可逆的m⁶A修饰由甲基转移酶样3(METTL3)及其辅助因子组成的甲基转移酶复合物催化，脂肪质量和肥胖相关基因(FTO)、ALKB同源基因5(ALKBH5)等去甲基化酶消除RNA甲基化修饰信号，并通过m⁶A结合蛋白识别RNA m⁶A修饰位点。m⁶A修饰能够调控RNA的剪接、出核、翻译和稳定性等分子调节作用，已成为表观遗传学领域的研究热点。骨骼肌是动物机体重要的组成部分，其发育涉及成肌细胞增殖、迁移、分化和融合形成肌管细胞，进而形成肌肉纤维等多个过程，受多种转录因子及表观遗传调控。其中，m⁶A甲基化修饰参与调控肌肉干细胞的维持、成肌细胞增殖及分化。越来越多研究表明，由m⁶A甲基化修饰介导的转录及转录后调控在骨骼肌生长发育中起着至关重要的调控作用。作者介绍了m⁶A甲基化修饰酶的种类及作用，重点综述了m⁶A甲基化修饰在骨骼肌生长发育及相关疾病中的调控机制，为解析肌肉发育表观调控机制及发现潜在的骨骼肌疾病治疗靶点等研究提供新思路。

关键词: m⁶A甲基化; m⁶A甲基化修饰酶; 骨骼肌; 调控机制

Abstract: N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A),the RNA methylation of the 6th nitrogen atom of the adenine A base group,is the most common and abundant RNA modification in eukaryotic cells.The dynamic and reversible m⁶A modification is catalyzed by a methyltransferase complex composed of methyltransferase-like 3(METTL3)and its cofactors.The RNA methylation modification signal is eliminated by demethylases such as fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and ALKB homolog 5 (ALKBH5),and the m⁶A modification site is recognized by m⁶A binding proteins.m⁶A modification has become a research hotspot in the field of epigenetics,as it can regulate molecular regulatory effects such as RNA splicing,enucleation,translation and stability.Skeletal muscle is an important component of the animal body,and its development involves multiple processes such as proliferation,migration,differentiation and fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes,which in turn form muscle fibers,it is regulated by various transcription factors and epigenetics.Among them,m⁶A methylation modification plays a role in regulating the maintenance,proliferation,and differentiation of muscle stem cells.Recent studies have shown that transcription and post-transcriptional regulation mediated by m⁶A methylation play a crucial role in the growth and development of skeletal muscle.The authors introduce the types and functions of m⁶A methylation modification enzymes,and with a focus on summarizing the regulatory effects and mechanisms of m⁶A methylation modification in skeletal muscle growth,development and related diseases,so as to provide new ideas for analyzing the epigenetic regulation mechanism of muscle development and discovering potential therapeutic targets for skeletal muscle diseases.

Key words: m⁶A methylation; m⁶A methylation modification enzyme; skeletal muscle; regulation mechanism

中图分类号:

S852.2

何思琦, 陈倩, 张贺春, 陈红艳, 马月辉, 周胜花, 赵倩君. m⁶A甲基化在骨骼肌发育中的生物学作用及调控机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1511-1521.

HE Siqi, CHEN Qian, ZHANG Hechun, CHEN Hongyan, MA Yuehui, ZHOU Shenghua, ZHAO Qianjun. Research Progress on the Biological Role and Regulatory Mechanism of m⁶A Methylation in Skeletal Muscle Development[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1511-1521.

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m⁶A甲基化在骨骼肌发育中的生物学作用及调控机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Biological Role and Regulatory Mechanism of m⁶A Methylation in Skeletal Muscle Development

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