不同添加剂对白酒糟发酵全混合饲粮发酵品质及微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究不同添加剂对白酒糟发酵全混合饲粮营养价值、发酵品质和微生物群落的影响。【方法】选取添加了15%白酒糟的全混合饲粮进行发酵处理，试验设置5个处理组，分别添加0.5‰复合益生菌(LB组)、0.5‰复合益生菌+0.4‰复合酶(LB-CE组)、0.5‰复合益生菌+0.3%丙酸钙(LB-CAP组)、0.5‰复合益生菌+0.1%山梨酸钾(LB-PS组)、0.5‰复合益生菌+0.5%双乙酸钠(LB-SDA组)，密封90 d后测定其营养成分、发酵品质及微生物群落结构。【结果】白酒糟发酵全混合饲粮营养成分测定结果显示，LB组粗脂肪含量显著高于其他组(P＜0.05)；LB-CE组粗蛋白质含量略高于其他组(P＞0.05)；LB-CE组中性洗涤纤维含量显著低于LB、LB-CAP和LB-PS组(P＜0.05)；LB-CE组酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于LB-CAP组(P＜0.05)；LB-CAP和LB-SDA组可溶性碳水化合物含量显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05)。白酒糟发酵全混合饲粮发酵品质测定结果显示，LB-CE组乳酸含量显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05)，LB-CAP组乙酸含量显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05)，LB-PS组pH显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05)，各组丙酸和氨态氮含量无显著差异(P＞0.05)，且各组均未检测到丁酸。在微生物多样性方面，LB-CE组厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)丰度显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05)，其变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidotes)、双歧杆菌属(Aeriscardovia)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)和不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)丰度显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05)。相关性分析发现，优势菌门厚壁菌门及其主要菌属乳杆菌属的丰度与粗蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著正相关(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)，与中性洗涤纤维含量呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01)，与氨态氮含量呈极显著或显著负相关(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)。【结论】本试验条件下，联合添加0.5‰复合益生菌和0.4‰复合酶对白酒糟发酵全混合饲粮的营养价值、发酵品质和微生物群落结构的改善效果最好。

关键词: 白酒糟; 发酵全混合饲粮; 发酵品质; 微生物多样性

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was to explore the effects of different additives on the nutritional value,fermentation quality and microbial community of fermented total mixed ration containing distillers grains.【Method】 The whole mixed diet with 15% distillers grains was selected for fermentation.Five treatment groups were set up for the experiment,with the addition of 0.5‰ compound microbial supplement (LB group),0.5‰ compound microbial supplement+0.4‰ complex enzyme preparations (LB-CE group),0.5‰ compound microbial supplement+0.3% calcium propionate (LB-CAP),0.5‰ compound microbial supplement+0.1% potassium sorbate (LB-PS),0.5‰ compound microbial supplement+0.5% sodium diacetate (LB-SDA),respectively.The nutrient contents,fermentation quality and microbial community structure of silage were determined after 90 days of silaging.【Result】 The nutrient contents of fermented total mixed ration containing distillers grains showed that the crude fat content of LB group was signifcantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05).The crude protein content of LB-CE group was slightly higher than other groups (P＞0.05).The neutral detergent fiber content of LB-CE group was significantly lower than LB,LB-CAP and LB-PS groups (P＜0.05).The acid detergent fiber content of LB-CE group was significantly lower than LB-CAP group (P＜0.05).The soluble carbohydrates content of LB-CAP and LB-SDA groups were significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05).The fermentation quality of fermented total mixed ration containing distillers grains showed that the lactic acid content of LB-CE group was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05),the acetic acid content of LB-CAP group was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05),pH of LB-PS group was significantly lower than other groups (P＜0.05),the propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen contents in all groups were not significantly different (P＞0.05),no butyric acid were detected in all groups.In terms of microbial diversity,the abundance of Firmicutes,Lactobacillus in LB-CE group was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05),while the abundance of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidotes,Aeriscardovia,Klebsiella and Acinetobacter in LB-CE group was significantly lower than other groups (P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the abundance of dominant phylum Firmicutes and its main genus Lactobacillus were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with crude protein content (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),which was extremely significantly negatively correlated with neutral detergent fiber content (P＜0.01),and had extremely significantly or significantly negatively correlated with NH₃-N content (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the experimental conditions,the addition of 0.5‰ compound microbial supplement combined with 0.4‰ complex enzyme preparations had the best effect on improving the nutritional value,fermentation quality，and microbial community structure of fermented total mixed ration containing distillers grains.

Key words: distillers grains; fermented total mixed ration; fermentation quality; microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S816.6

胡湘云, 宣泽义, 罗蒙和, 潘锐, 曹艳红, 卜泽明, 吴军华, 陈少梅. 不同添加剂对白酒糟发酵全混合饲粮发酵品质及微生物多样性的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1113-1122.

HU Xiangyun, XUAN Zeyi, LUO Menghe, PAN Rui, CAO Yanhong, BU Zeming, WU Junhua, CHEN Shaomei. Effects of Different Additives on Fermentation Quality and Microbial Diversity of Fermented Total Mixed Ration Containing Distillers Granis[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1113-1122.

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