绝育母犬尿失禁研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.12.045

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 尿失禁(urinary incontinence，UI)是指动物在膀胱充盈阶段发生无意识排尿。在小动物临床疾病中，母犬发生尿失禁较为常见，尤其是绝育后的母犬，发病率为1.74%～20.10%，母犬尿失禁的风险因素包括绝育状态、品种、体重等。尿道括约肌机能不全(urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence，USMI)是母犬发生尿失禁最常见的病因，但发病机制尚不明确，受多种因素的影响，包括性激素、结构、功能的改变。目前在小动物临床实践中，尿道括约肌机能不全的确诊较为困难，通常是在排除其他尿失禁的病因后，使用α-肾上腺素受体激动剂药物或雌激素能缓解尿失禁症状，从而诊断为该病因导致的尿失禁。针对尿道括约肌机能不全首选药物治疗，对于难治性病例可考虑配合手术治疗，此外，中医治疗或许是潜在的有效治疗手段。笔者通过对绝育母犬尿失禁在国内外的研究进展进行综述，以期为该类疾病的诊疗提供理论参考，从而加深兽医师对该病的认识、更高效地对该疾病做出诊断，并为绝育母犬尿失禁的研究提供新的思路。

关键词: 绝育母犬; 尿失禁; 尿道括约肌机能不全

Abstract: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of an animal during the filling phase of the bladder.Among the clinical diseases of small animals,UI is more common in bitches,especially in spayed bitches,with the incidence of 1.74%-20.10%.The risk factors of UI in bitches include neuter status,breed,weight,etc.Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of UI in bitches.However,the pathogenesis is still unclear and influenced by multiple factors,including changes in sex hormones,structure and function.At present,the diagnosis of USMI is difficult in small animal clinical practice,usually confirmed by the use of α-adrenergic agents and estrogen products that alleviate the symptoms of UI after the exclusion of other differential diagnoses.Drug treatment is preferred for USMI,and surgical treatment can be considered for refractory cases.In addition,Chinese medicine therapy may be a potential effective treatment.The authors reviewed the research progress of UI in spayed bitches at home and abroad,in order to provide theoretical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,to deepen veterinarians’ understanding and make more efficient diagnosis of this disease,and provide new ideas for the research related to UI in spayed bitches.

Key words: spayed bitch; urinary incontinence; urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence

中图分类号:

S858.292

李雨珏, 钟友刚. 绝育母犬尿失禁研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(12): 5586-5596.

LI Yujue, ZHONG Yougang. Research Progress of Urinary Incontinence in Spayed Bitches[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(12): 5586-5596.

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