虾青素对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.09.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨从胶红酵母中提取分离纯化获得的虾青素对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响,为虾青素用于预防免疫抑制疾病或作为畜禽替抗饲用产品开发应用提供理论依据。【方法】从雷州半岛近岸海域分离并筛选胶红酵母ZTHY2提取获得虾青素。选取60只C57BL/6小鼠,随机分为6组:空白对照组、环磷酰胺组、酵母β-葡聚糖组及虾青素低、中、高剂量组。第1~14天,酵母β-葡聚糖组灌胃100 mg／kg酵母β-葡聚糖,虾青素低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃30、60、100 mg/kg虾青素,空白对照组及环磷酰胺组灌胃生理盐水;第15~21天,除空白对照组(灌胃生理盐水)外,各组小鼠腹腔注射50 mg/kg环磷酰胺。试验结束后,采集小鼠脾脏及胸腺,计算其脏器系数和脾脏T、B淋巴细胞增殖情况,并观察脾脏、胸腺组织学变化情况;测定血清中白细胞介素2(IL-2)、IL-4、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgG、IgM、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD20、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及脾脏中活性氧(ROS)水平。【结果】与空白对照组相比,环磷酰胺组小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数均极显著降低(P＜0.01),脾脏红、白髓界限不清,脾淋巴细胞数量减少;胸腺皮质、髓质不清,结构破坏;脾脏T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞增殖能力均极显著降低(P＜0.01);血清细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD20及免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM含量显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05;P＜0.01),CAT、SOD活性与GSH含量均极显著降低(P＜0.01),MDA及ROS水平均极显著升高(P＜0.01)。与环磷酰胺组相比,随着给药剂量的增加,虾青素组小鼠脾脏和胸腺组织结构逐渐清晰,脾脏指数和胸腺指数均极显著升高(P＜0.01);虾青素对刀豆蛋白A(ConA)、脂多糖(LPS)诱导的脾脏淋巴细胞增殖有极显著促进作用(P＜0.01);可极显著或显著提高免疫抑制小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD20、IgA、IgG、IgM含量(P＜0.01;P＜0.05),极显著增加血清中SOD、CAT活性及GSH含量(P＜0.01),极显著降低ROS和MDA水平(P＜0.01),且100 mg/kg虾青素效果最佳。【结论】100 mg/kg虾青素能明显提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能与抗氧化能力,有效改善环磷酰胺引起的免疫抑制,可用于预防免疫抑制疾病和作为畜禽替抗饲料添加剂开发。

关键词: 胶红酵母; 虾青素; 小鼠; 免疫抑制; 免疫功能

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the effect of astaxanthin extracted and purified from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa on the immune function of immunosuppressed mice,so as to provide theoretical basis for the development and application of astaxanthin in the prevention of immunosuppressed diseases or as a substitute feeding product for livestock and poultry.【Method】 Astaxanthin was extracted from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ZTHY2 isolated from the coastal waters of Leizhou Peninsula.Sixty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:Blank control group,cyclophosphamide group,yeast β-glucan group and astaxanthin low,medium and high dose groups.From 1-14 days,the mice in yeast β-glucan group were gavaged with 100 mg/kg yeast β-glucan,the low,middle and high astaxanthin groups were gavaged with 30,60 and 100 mg/kg astaxanthin,respectively,and the blank control and cyclophosphamide groups were intragastrically injected with normal saline.On the 15-21 days,except for blank control group (normal saline),the mice in each group were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide.At the end of the experiment,the spleen and thymus of mice were collected,and the organ index and the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes in spleen were calculated.The histological changes of spleen and thymus were observed.The contents of interleukin 2 (IL-2),IL-4,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),interferon gamma (IFN-γ),immunoglobulin A (IgA),IgG,IgM,CD4,CD8,CD19,CD20,glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum,the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum,and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in spleen were determined.【Result】 Compared with blank control group,the spleen and thymus indexes of mice in cyclophosphamide group were extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01),the boundary between red and white pulp of spleen was unclear,the number of spleen lymphocytes decreased,the thymus cortex and medulla were unclear,and the structure was destroyed.The proliferation ability of T and B lymphocytes in spleen was extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01).The contents of cytokines IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,TNF-α,IFN-γ,CD4,CD8,CD19,CD20 and immunoglobulin IgA,IgG and IgM in serum were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The activities of CAT and SOD and the content of GSH in serum were extremely significantly decreased(P＜0.01),while the levels of MDA and ROS were extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01).Compared with cyclophosphamide group,the structure of spleen and thymus in astaxanthin group became clearer with the increase of astaxanthin concentration,and the spleen and thymus indexes were extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01).Astaxanthin could extremely significantly promote the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes induced by concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (P＜0.01).Astaxanthin could extremely significantly or significantly increase the levels of IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,TNF-α,IFN-γ,CD4,CD8,CD19,CD20 and the contents of immunoglobulin IgA,IgG and IgM in serum (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and extremely significantly increase the activities of SOD and CAT and the content of GSH in serum of immunosuppressed mice (P＜0.01).At the same time,astaxanthin could extremely significantly reduce the levels of ROS and MDA (P＜0.01).100 mg/kg astaxanthin had the best effect.【Conclusion】 100 mg/kg astaxanthin could improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity of immunosuppressed mice,effectively improve the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide,and could be used to prevent immunosuppressed diseases and develop as a substitute feed additive for livestock and poultry.

Key words: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa; astaxanthin; mice; immunosuppressive; immune function

中图分类号:

R392.1

邓心怡, 黄家欢, 赵成铭, 马文澳, 葛叶, 陈志宝. 虾青素对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(9): 3519-3529.

DENG Xinyi, HUANG Jiahuan, ZHAO Chengming, MA Wenao, GE Ye, CHEN Zhibao. Effect of Astaxanthin on Immune Function in Immunosuppressed Mice[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(9): 3519-3529.

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