绵羊褐色脂肪活性影响因素的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.03.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 褐色脂肪细胞的结构和功能都与白色脂肪不同,其细胞富含线粒体,能够利用过剩的能量代谢底物进行产热,是幼龄哺乳动物非颤抖性产热的主要热量来源,在维持机体能量平衡方面具有重要作用。其产热过程由细胞线粒体内膜上的解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)介导,机体所处环境以及对激素的响应都可以影响褐色脂肪的活性。受到刺激后,褐色脂肪细胞表面的肾上腺素受体得到激活,激发细胞内的级联反应,同时使产热相关基因表达增强,增加能量消耗,减少脂肪沉积。褐色脂肪已经成为治疗肥胖以及能量代谢相关疾病的潜在靶点。鉴于褐色脂肪在脂肪沉积以及能量代谢方面的作用,关于畜禽褐色脂肪的研究也越来越深入。作者归纳了绵羊褐色脂肪的相关研究,主要包括影响绵羊褐色脂肪活性的环境因素如冷刺激、营养限制、长期缺氧和饲喂添加剂,以及激素因子(催乳素及其受体、甲状腺激素、瘦素、生殖激素),以期为绵羊产热脂肪的应用研究提供一定的理论依据。

关键词: 褐色脂肪; 解偶联蛋白1(UCP1); 产热; 能量代谢

Abstract: The function and structure of brown adipocytes are quite different from white adipose adipocytes,brown adipocytes are rich in mitochondria.It is able to utilize excess energy metabolism substrates for thermogenesis.It is the main source of heat for non-shivering thermogenesis in young mammals,and it also plays an important role in maintaining the body’s energy balance.The thermogenesis process is mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) on the inner membrane of cell mitochondria,and both the body’s environment and its response to hormones can affect the activity of brown adipose tissue.Upon stimulation,adrenergic receptors on the surface of brown adipocytes are activated,triggering an intracellular cascade that simultaneously enhances the expression of genes involved in thermogenesis,increases energy expenditure,and decreases fat deposition.Brown adipose tissue has become a potential therapeutic target for obesity and energy metabolism-related diseases.In view of the role of brown adipose tissue in fat deposition and energy metabolism,the research on brown adipose tissue in livestock and poultry is also more and more in-depth.The author summarized the relevant studies on ovine brown fat,mainly include environmental factors that affect the activity of ovine brown fat such as cold stimulation,nutrient restriction,chronic hypoxia and feeding additives,and hormonal factors (prolactin and its receptors,thyroid hormones,leptin,reproductive hormones),in order to provide a certain theoretical basis for the application of ovine thermogenic fat.

Key words: brown adipose tissue; uncoulpling protein 1 (UCP1); thermogenesis; energy metabolism

中图分类号:

S826.8⁺2

方勤圆, 付绍印, 王标, 何小龙, 何江峰, 王力伟, 陈欣, 张林, 王大清, 马跃军, 张立岭, 刘永斌. 绵羊褐色脂肪活性影响因素的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(3): 1059-1067.

FANG Qinyuan, FU Shaoyin, WANG Biao, HE Xiaolong, HE Jiangfeng, WANG Liwei, CHEN Xin, ZHANG Lin, WANG Daqing, MA Yuejun, ZHANG Liling, LIU Yongbin. Research Progress on Influencing Factors of Brown Fat Activity in Sheep[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(3): 1059-1067.

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