采精员和猪舍环境参数对杜洛克公猪精液品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.01.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究采精员、猪舍温湿度、氨气浓度和光照强度对种公猪精液品质的影响，以提高猪精液品质。【方法】选取347头（580±48） d的杜洛克公猪，收集2021年11月至2022年2月共2 966条精液测定记录，采精员做好每天公猪的采精记录，猪舍温湿度、氨气浓度和光照强度参数于每天上午09：00进行测定。使用R软件对采精员记录、环境参数和精液性状进行关联分析。【结果】①采精员对精液品质具有显著影响（P<0.05），8号采精员采集的精液精子活力最高、精子畸形率最低。②猪舍环境温度为22~25 ℃时，精子活力显著高于18.5~22 ℃（P<0.05），精子畸形率显著低于18.5~22 ℃（P<0.05）。③相对湿度在70%~77%时精子活力最高、精子畸形率最低，与相对湿度在46%~60%时差异显著（P<0.05），与相对湿度在60%~70%时无显著差异（P>0.05），相对湿度在60%~70%时精子活力、精子畸形率和总精子数都处于较高水平。④随着氨气浓度降低，精子活力和总精子数呈现上升趋势、精子畸形率呈下降趋势，氨气浓度2~4 ppm与5~7.3 ppm时精子活力、总精子数、精子畸形率差异显著（P<0.05）。⑤光照强度在90~110 lx时精子活力和直线前进运动精子比例最高，与光照强度为130~164.5 lx差异显著（P<0.05），光照强度对精子畸形率无显著影响（P>0.05）。【结论】猪舍环境参数温度范围为22~25 ℃、湿度范围为60%~70%、氨气浓度2~4 ppm和光照强度为90~110 lx时公猪的精液品质较高。生产中还应加强对采精员的管理培训，减少精液采集过程中造成的机械损伤及细菌污染，为今后研究、修订种公猪舒适环境参数，科学调控猪舍内环境提供参考和理论依据。

关键词: 杜洛克公猪; 采精员; 环境参数; 精液品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to study the effects of semen collectors, temperature and humidity, ammonia concentration and light intensity of pigpen on semen quality of boars, in order to improve semen quality.【Method】 2 966 semen determination records were collected from 347 Duroc boars aged (580±48) d from November 2021 to February 2022. The sperm collector made a daily record of the boar's sperm collection.Temperature and humidity, ammonia concentration and light intensity parameters in the pigpen were measured daily at 09:00 am. The semen traits were correlated with the records of semen collectors and environmental parameters by R software.【Result】 ① The sperm collector had a significant effect on semen quality (P<0.05). The semen collected by the sperm collector No.8 had the highest sperm motility and the lowest sperm abnormality rate. ② When the ambient temperature of pigpen was 22 to 25 ℃, the sperm motility was significantly higher than 18.5 to 22 ℃ (P<0.05), and the sperm abnormality rate was significantly lower than 18.5 to 22 ℃ (P<0.05). ③ When the relative humidity was 70% to 77%, the sperm motility was the highest and the sperm deformity rate was the lowest, but the total sperm count was the lowest, and the difference was significant compared with the relative humidity 46% to 60% (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference when compared with the relative humidity of 60% to 70%(P>0.05). When the relative humidity was 60% to 70%, the sperm motility, sperm deformity rate and total sperm count were all at high level. ④ With the decrease of ammonia concentration, sperm motility and total sperm count showed an upward trend, and sperm abnormality rate showed a downward trend, when ammonia concentration was 2 to 4 ppm, sperm motility, total sperm count and sperm abnormality rate were significantly different from that when ammonia concentration was 5 to 7.3 ppm (P<0.05). ⑤ When the light intensity was 90 to 110 lx, the sperm motility and sperm progressive motility were the highest, which was significantly different from that when the light intensity was 130 to 164.5 lx (P<0.05). Light intensity had no significant effect on sperm malformation rate (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 The semen quality of boar was higher when the temperature range was 22 to 25 ℃, humidity range was 60% to 70%, ammonia concentration was 2 to 4 ppm and light intensity was 90 to 110 lx. In production, the management and training of semen collectors should be strengthened to reduce the mechanical damage and bacterial contamination in the process of semen collection, so as to provide reference and theoretical basis for the future research and revision of the comfortable environment parameters of breeding boars and scientific regulation of the piggery environment.

Key words: Duroc boars; sperm collectors; environmental parameters; semen quality

中图分类号:

S828

张笑科, 廖伟莉, 李婷婷, 李瑶, 李加琪, 黄翔, 张豪. 采精员和猪舍环境参数对杜洛克公猪精液品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(1): 220-229.

ZHANG Xiaoke, LIAO Weili, LI Tingting, LI Yao, LI Jiaqi, HUANG Xiang, ZHANG Hao. Effects of Semen Collectors and Environmental Parameters in Pigpen on Semen Quality of Duroc Boars[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(1): 220-229.

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