全基因组测序在畜禽中应用的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.09.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在基因组研究方面，目前全基因组测序已由第一代测序技术发展到第三代测序技术，全基因组测序与传统方法相比具有更加全面、精准、高效等优势。随着测序技术的发展和费用的降低，全基因组测序（whole genome sequencing，WGS）技术逐渐成为基因组研究应用最广泛的技术。全基因组测序已经在畜禽起源进化、重要经济性状基因挖掘、分子育种等方面取得了诸多成果。通过全基因组重测序，能够发现拷贝数变异（copy number variation，CNV）及单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP）变异，丰富现有的CNV和SNP数据库，为抗病、生长、食欲、代谢调节、表型、环境适应机制及重要经济性状基因的分析提供重要数据。作者针对全基因组测序技术在主要畜禽上的研究进展，综述了全基因组测序在畜禽的品种遗传多样性、群体演变机制、功能基因挖掘等研究中的应用，并探讨了全基因组测序存在的问题，旨在为畜禽种质资源保护和分子育种实践提供参考。

关键词: 全基因组测序; 鸡; 猪; 牛

Abstract: In terms of genome research, the whole genome sequencing technology has developed from the first generation sequencing technology to the third generation sequencing technology. Compared with traditional methods, whole genome sequencing has the advantages of more comprehensive, more accurate and more efficient. With the development of sequencing technology and the reduction of cost, whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology has gradually become the most commonly used technology in genome research. The whole genome sequencing has made many achievements in the origin and evolution of livestock and poultry, gene mining of important economic traits, molecular breeding and so on. Through whole genome re sequencing, the regions where copy number variation (CNV) occurs and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation can be found, which can enrich the existing CNV and SNP database, and provide reference for disease resistance, growth, appetite, metabolic regulation, phenotype, environmental adaptation mechanism and important economic trait genes. This paper focused on the research progress of whole genome sequencing technology in major livestock and poultry, summarized the application of whole genome sequencing in the research of variety genetic diversity, population evolution mechanism and functional gene mining of livestock and poultry, and discussed the existing problems of whole genome sequencing, in order to provide reference for the protection of germplasm resources and molecular breeding practice of livestock and poultry.

Key words: whole genome sequencing; chicken; pig; cattle

中图分类号:

S813

杨德智, 侯冠彧, 施力光, 曹婷, 周雄, 赵艳红. 全基因组测序在畜禽中应用的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(9): 3403-3414.

YANG Dezhi, HOU Guanyu, SHI Liguang, CAO Ting, ZHOU Xiong, ZHAO Yanhong. Research Progress on Whole Genome Sequencing in Livestock and Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(9): 3403-3414.

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