糠麸营养价值及其发酵饲料在动物生产中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.10.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国的谷物糠麸产量巨大，但未被充分利用，附加值低。小麦麸的粗蛋白质（CP）、粗纤维（CF）含量较高，吸水性较强，易霉变，易被呕吐毒素污染。米糠CP、粗脂肪（EE）含量较高，但易发生酸败。黑麦麸、燕麦麸、高粱糠的CP含量较高，而玉米皮CP、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量较高。糠麸矿物质丰富，还含有多种活性物质。而微生物发酵能够分解有害物质，增加食品、饲料中活性成分。通过微生物发酵能降低糠麸抗营养因子含量，将无法利用、利用率低的成分分解为易消化的小分子物质，提高蛋白质含量及消化率。目前糠麸发酵使用的微生物主要为霉菌、酵母、乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌，少部分使用食用真菌。研究表明，发酵糠麸富含有益代谢产物，能够为动物提供良好的抗氧化剂、益生菌来源，在合理利用糠麸的同时减少抗生素使用。发酵利用糠麸饲料能够达到一物多用，既降低生产成本，又解决废物排放造成的环境污染问题。作者综述了糠麸的营养价值、发酵菌种、发酵前后变化及其发酵饲料在动物生产的应用，以期为发酵糠麸的应用提供一定依据。

关键词: 糠麸; 小麦麸; 米糠; 发酵

Abstract: China's grain bran production is huge,but it has not been fully utilized and its added value is low.Wheat bran has a high content of crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF),which has strong water absorption and is prone to mildew.Similarly,rice bran has a high CP and crude fat (EE) content,while it is prone to rancidity.In addition,the CP content of rye bran,oat bran and sorghum bran are higher.Corn husk has a high content of CP,neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF).Furthermore,bran is rich in minerals and active substances.Solid fermentation can decompose harmful substances and increase the active ingredients in food and feed.At present,the microorganisms used in bran fermentation are mainly mold,yeast,lactic acid bacteria,and bacillus,and a small number of edible fungi are used.Wheat bran,corn bran and rice bran can reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors by microbial fermentation.Microorganisms break down components that are not available and have low utilization rates to animals into small,easily digestible substances,and increase protein content and digestibility.In addition,bran produces a product rich in beneficial metabolites by solid-state fermentation,which provides a good source of antioxidants and probiotics for animals.Fermentation using bran feed can achieve multi-purpose use,reducing production costs and solving environmental pollution problems caused by waste discharge.Therefore,the nutritional value of bran,fermentation strains,changes before and after fermentation and the application of fermented feed in animal production were summarized in this paper,in order to provide some basis for the application of fermented bran.

Key words: bran; wheat bran; rice bran; fermentation

中图分类号:

S816.44

崔艺燕, 田志梅, 鲁慧杰, 邓盾, 马现永, 陈卫东. 糠麸营养价值及其发酵饲料在动物生产中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(10): 2902-2915.

CUI Yiyan, TIAN Zhimei, LU Huijie, DENG Dun, MA Xianyong, CHEN Weidong. Bran Nutritional Value and Its Fermented Feed Application in Animal Production[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(10): 2902-2915.

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