不同贮存条件对鸽蛋新鲜度、组分、蛋品质及蛋白透明度的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.09.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验分析了不同贮存温度和时间对鸽蛋新鲜度、组分、蛋品质及蛋白透明度的影响，寻求鸽蛋贮存的最佳条件，并探索不同贮存条件下鸽蛋蛋白透明度的变化规律，为实际生产中鸽蛋合理贮存和出售提供理论依据。以1~2岁公母配对白羽王鸽为试验对象，采用3（低温、中温、高温）×4（1、2、3、4周）因子交叉完全随机设计，试验开始后每周随机采集90枚鸽蛋，分别放置在3种不同温度条件下，每组30枚，分别持续1、2、3、4周，而后对鸽蛋进行新鲜度、组分、蛋品质及蛋白透明度的测定分析。结果显示，低温条件下，鸽蛋放置4周未出现散黄和可见霉变现象。高温和中温条件下，鸽蛋只可放置1周不变质。随着时间的延长和温度的升高，鸽蛋的失重率显著上升（P<0.05）。时间对蛋壳率、蛋白率及蛋黄率均有显著影响（P<0.05），但温度对其无显著影响（P>0.05）。不同贮存温度和时间对鸽蛋的蛋白高度和蛋黄颜色均有显著影响（P<0.05），即随着时间的延长和温度的升高，鸽蛋的蛋白高度呈下降趋势，蛋黄颜色变深。不同贮存温度和时间对煮熟的鸽蛋蛋白L^*、a^*和b^*值均有显著影响（P<0.05）；中温贮存透明鸽蛋所占比例最高。综上所述，鸽蛋贮运和贩售需在冷藏条件下进行。在低温冷藏条件下，鸽蛋可贮存4周以上。在中温条件下（20℃左右）保存，有利于提高鸽蛋蛋白透明度。

关键词: 贮存条件; 鸽蛋; 新鲜度; 组分; 蛋品质; 蛋白透明度

Abstract: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different storage temperature and time on freshness,composition,egg quality and albumen transparency of pigeon eggs,in order to discuss optimal storage condition of pigeon eggs,and explore the change rule of pigeon albumen transparency under different storage conditions,finally provide the theoretical basis for reasonable storage and sale of pigeon egg.1-2 year old White King pigeons with male-female pairs were chosen as the experimental object,3 (low temperature,middle temperature,high temperature)×4 (1w,2w,3w,4w) was designed.90 pigeon eggs were randomly collected each week,and were placed under three different temperatures for 1,2,3 and 4 weeks respectively,30 eggs each group.The freshness,composition,egg quality and albumen transparency of pigeon eggs were determined.The results showed that there was no scattered yolk or mildew after storing for 4w under low temperature,but the pigeon eggs could only be stored for 1w without deterioration under middle and high temperature.As time went on and the temperature went up,the egg weight loss rate showed a significant upward trend (P<0.05).The storage time had a significant effect on the eggshell rate,the albumen rate and the yolk rate (P<0.05),but the storage temperature had no effect on the three abrove indexes (P>0.05).The storage time and temperature had significant effects on the albumen height and yolk color (P<0.05).The albumen height showed the downward trend,and the yolk color darkened as time went on and the temperature went up.There were significant effects of the storage time and temperature on L^*,a^* and b^* values of cooked pigeon albumen (P<0.05).The percentage of transparent pigeon eggs was the highest under middle temperature.In conclusion,pigeon eggs should be stored and sold under refrigeration,and pigeon eggs could be stored for more than 4 w in cold storage condition.The albumen transparency of pigeon eggs could be improved under middle temperature (about 20℃).

Key words: storage condition; pigeon egg; freshness; composition; egg quality; albumen transparency

中图分类号:

S879.3

常玲玲, 汤青萍, 张蕊, 付胜勇, 穆春宇, 卜柱. 不同贮存条件对鸽蛋新鲜度、组分、蛋品质及蛋白透明度的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(9): 2592-2599.

CHANG Lingling, TANG Qingping, ZHANG Rui, FU Shengyong, MU Chunyu, BU Zhu. Effect of Different Storage Conditions on Freshness,Composition, Egg Quality and Albumen Transparency of Pigeon Eggs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(9): 2592-2599.

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