奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2017.06.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

奶牛乳房炎是影响世界奶牛业发展的最主要疾病之一，不仅给奶牛养殖业带来严重的经济损失，而且还影响牛奶的产量和质量，危及人类健康。引起奶牛乳房炎的病因很复杂，但最主要的病因是病原微生物感染，其中葡萄球菌、链球菌和肠道菌感染是引起奶牛乳房炎的最主要病原菌。为有效治疗奶牛乳房炎，对奶牛乳房炎病原菌的早期快速诊断至关重要。作者对目前用于奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断的常规微生物生化鉴定法、全自动微生物鉴定系统、刃天青微量板法、免疫诊断法、核酸探针杂交、16S rRNA基因序列测定、PCR、基因芯片及环介导等温扩增技术等的研究进展进行了综述，并比较分析了这些方法的优缺点，同时对未来奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断的研究方向和前景进行了展望，以期为进一步开发快速、特异、敏感的奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断技术提供理论依据。

关键词: 奶牛; 乳房炎; 病原菌; 诊断技术

Abstract:

Dairy cow mastitis is one of the most costly diseases affecting the development of the world dairy industry. It causes a serious economic loss to dairy farming, and affects the yield and quality of milk, endangers human health. The cause of dairy cow mastitis is complex, but the main cause is pathogen infection, particularly Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and intestinal bacterial infection. The rapid diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria of mastitis is crucial for the effectively treatment of the dairy cow mastitis. In order to provide theoretical basis for developing rapid, specific and sensitive of dairy cow mastitis pathogens diagnosis, the author summarized the microbiological and biochemical assay method in routine used of dairy cow mastitis pathogen diagnosis, automatic microbial identification system, resazurin trace plate method, immune diagnosis method, the nucleic acid probe hybridization, 16S rRNA gene sequences of sequencing, PCR, gene chip and LAMP etc, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.

Key words: dairy cow; mastitis; pathogenic bacteria; diagnosis technology

中图分类号:

S858.23

王丹, 杨峰, 李新圃, 罗金印, 刘龙海, 张哲, 张亚茹, 张莉莉, 李宏胜. 奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断技术研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2017, 44(6): 1811-1817.

WANG Dan, YANG Feng, LI Xin-pu, LUO Jin-yin, LIU Long-hai, ZHANG Zhe, ZHANG Ya-ru, ZHANG Li-li, LI Hong-sheng. Research Progress on Diagnosis Technology of Dairy Cow Mastitis Pathogens[J]. , 2017, 44(6): 1811-1817.

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