日粮中添加铁对绵羊免疫器官组织结构和铁含量的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.12.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究日粮中不同铁水平对绵羊免疫功能的影响，探究绵羊饲养过程中铁过量的风险，试验在绵羊基础日粮中分别添加铁500、1 000、1 500 mg/kg（硫酸亚铁形式），饲养75 d后宰杀，采取绵羊免疫器官（脾脏、胸腺、肝门淋巴结、十二指肠淋巴结及腭扁桃体），应用传统病理学方法观察以上器官的组织结构变化、含铁血黄素分布，并测定组织铁含量的变化情况。结果显示，绵羊饲喂过量铁后，脾脏白髓占比减小，淋巴细胞数量减少、排列疏松，伴有肿大、空泡化现象，红髓内有大量含铁血黄素沉积；胸腺皮质区变薄，髓质区变厚且融合，胸腺小体数量减少、结构模糊；肝门淋巴结、十二指肠淋巴结皮质与髓质区变薄、界限模糊，皮质淋巴窦与髓窦间隙增大，淋巴小结结构模糊；腭扁桃体实质内淋巴小结数量减少，毛细血管后微静脉有充血现象。饲喂过量铁后，各免疫器官组织铁含量均升高，其中脾脏内铁含量最多，腭扁桃体内最少，铁低、中、高剂量组脾脏铁含量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。结果表明，饲喂过量铁后，绵羊免疫器官组织结构均遭到不同程度破坏，且随着铁添加量越多，组织结构破坏程度越明显；各免疫器官中铁蓄积量与日粮中铁添加水平呈正相关，摄入过量铁严重影响绵羊免疫功能，因此在绵羊饲养过程中，要严格遵守美国NRC（1985）饲料标准，日粮中铁水平不要超过500 mg/kg。

关键词: 铁过量; 绵羊; 免疫器官; 组织结构

Abstract: To study the effect of different iron levels in diet on immune function of sheep,and explore the risk of iron overdose during sheep feeding,different doses of FeSO₄,including 500,1 000 and 1 500 mg/kg of iron,were added to the basic diet of sheep.After feeding 75 days,immune organs of sheep (spleen,thymus,portal lymph nodes,duodenal lymph nodes and palatine tonsil) were adopted.Organ structures and hemosiderin deposition were observed using traditional pathological methods.The distribution of hemosiderin and iron content in the above organs were measured.The results showed that proportion of splenic white pulp in spleen decreased,the number of lymphocytes reduced and its arrangement was loosed,accompanied by swelling and vacuolization after sheep were fed with excessive iron.Moreover,we found that thymus cortex became thinner,the medulla became thicker and fused,the number of thymus corpuscles decreased and the structure of thymus corpuscles was blurred.The cortical and medullary areas of portal lymph nodes and duodenal lymph nodes became thinner and blurred,the space between cortical lymphatic sinus and medullary sinus increased,and the structure of lymph nodules was blurred.The number of lymph nodules in parenchyma of palatine tonsil decreased,and post capillary venules appear congested.After feeding excessive iron,the iron content in immune organs increased,in which the iron content in spleen was the highest and that in palatine tonsil was the least.The iron content in spleen of low,medium and high iron excess group was extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01).The results showed that the tissue structure of sheep immune organs was damaged in varying degrees after sheep were fed with excessive iron,and the more iron added in fodder,the damage of tissue structure was more serious.The amount of iron accumulated in each immune organ was positively correlated with iron level added in the diet.Excessive iron intake seriously affects the immune function of sheep.Therefore,in the process of sheep feeding,it is necessary to strictly abide by the NRC (1985) feed standard of the United States,and the iron level in the diet should not exceed 500 mg/kg.

Key words: excessive iron; sheep; immune organs; tissue structure

中图分类号:

S852

刘雪洁, 卢静, 连慧敏, 袁蕊, 高雪丽, 孙海霞. 日粮中添加铁对绵羊免疫器官组织结构和铁含量的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(12): 3572-3580.

LIU Xuejie, LU Jing, LIAN Huimin, YUAN Rui, GAO Xueli, SUN Haixia. Effects of Dietary Iron Addition Levels on Tissue Structure and Iron Content of Immune Organs in Sheep[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(12): 3572-3580.

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