Abstract: In order to provide scientific basis for studying the origin and the genetic differentiation of Luchuan pig, we surveyed the mtDNA D-loop hypervariable regions of 17 Luchuan pigs and five haplotypes were detected. The haplotype diversity and the nucleotide diversity were 0.640 and 0.0074 respectively that suggested the genetic diversity of Luchuan pig was abundant. Analyzed with the same segments from the indigenous chinese pigs retrieved from the GenBank, we concluded that Luchuan pig was close with Ningxiang pig and Dahuabai pig which traditionally belonged to central Chinese breeds, but distant with Xiang pig and Diannan Small Ear pig which all traditionally belonged to south China breeds. It was inconsistent with the traditional pig breed grouping system.

Key words: Luchuan pig; mtDNA D-loop; genetic diversity