Abstract: As the third generation of vaccine, DNA vaccine seems to be advantageous over classic immunization with which was used safely, economically and conveniently. Replicative DNA vaccine（or suicidal DNA vaccine） was based on conventional DNA vaccine and RNA self-replicon-based vaccine, it not only has high stability and security, but also has high level of heterologous gene expression. In this article, the development of classic DNA vaccine and construction, biological mechanism, advantage and some new advances in research on replicative DNA vaccine are briefly reviewed.

Key words: vaccine; DNA; replicon; alphavirus