新型猪瘟疫苗的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.07.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

猪瘟是危害猪健康的重要传染病之一，具有急性、热性和高度接触性等特性，给世界养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。目前，传统疫苗接种仍是预防猪瘟的主要手段，虽然传统疫苗（如C株）在防控猪瘟方面发挥着巨大的作用，但也存在一些缺陷，如无法区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫动物，猪瘟免疫失败时有发生等。因此，研制新型猪瘟疫苗具有重要意义。随着分子生物学技术与重组DNA技术的不断发展及基因工程疫苗研究的不断深入，亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗、活载体重组疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、全长感染性cDNA标记疫苗和合成肽疫苗6种新型猪瘟疫苗被相继开发。与传统疫苗相比，新型疫苗拥有廉价、安全、高效、易于运输与保存、能区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫等优点。作者对6种新型猪瘟疫苗的研究进展作一综述，以期为猪瘟的防控提供参考。

关键词: 猪瘟; 猪瘟病毒; 新型疫苗

Abstract:

Classical swine fever is one of the most important infectious diseases that endanger the health of pigs.It has such characteristics as acuteness,heat and high contact,causing great economic losses to the world pig industry.At present,the traditional vaccination is still the main means to prevent classical swine fever.Although traditional vaccines (such as C-strain) play a huge role in the prevention and control of classical swine fever,some shortcomings exist,such as the inability to differentiate between wild-type and vaccinated animals and the immune failure of classical swine fever.Therefore,the development of a new type of vaccine against classical swine fever is of great significance.With the continuous development of molecular biology technology and recombinant DNA technology,the research on genetic engineering vaccines has been continuously deepened.Six kinds of new classical swine fever vaccines such as subunit vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines,recombinant live vaccine vectors,gene deletion vaccines,full-length infectious cDNA marker vaccines and synthetic peptide vaccines have been developed.Compared with the traditional vaccine,the new vaccine is cheap,safe,efficient,easy to transport and save and could distinguish between wild-type virus infection and vaccine immunization.The authors review the research progress of six kinds of new classical swine fever vaccines so as to provide reference for prevention and control of classical swine fever.

Key words: classical swine fever; classical swine fever virus; new-type vaccines

中图分类号:

S858.28

任鹏举, 李鹏, 张秋雨, 王亚平, 武乐祎, 王选年. 新型猪瘟疫苗的研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(7): 1958-1964.

REN Pengju, LI Peng, ZHANG Qiuyu, WANG Yaping, WU Leyi, WANG Xuannian. Research Progress on New Type Classical Swine Fever Vaccines[J]. , 2018, 45(7): 1958-1964.

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