奶牛主要病原菌耐药性及控制技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2017.12.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

抗菌药仍是治疗病原菌引起的奶牛疾病的常用方法。抗菌药的不合理使用使得细菌产生耐药性已成为全球性的问题，应引起人们的足够重视。奶牛的主要病原菌金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌等也显现出多重耐药的趋势，给奶牛疾病的临床治疗带来困难，同时也威胁人类健康。细菌产生耐药性的速度远超过人们研发抗菌药的速度，因此，保持现有抗菌药的疗效很有必要。一方面应该掌握细菌的耐药机制，如细菌分子耐药机制、抗菌药物外排机制或降低摄入机制、生物膜等，以便找到合适的治疗方法；另一方面采用不同措施减少耐药细菌的出现，如质粒消除、抗菌药替代品、开发高效安全的抗菌药物、临床合理用药（联合治疗）等。作者对奶牛主要病原菌的耐药情况、耐药机制、耐药控制技术进行综述，以期为减少耐药性、规范抗菌药的使用和提高治疗效果提供参考。

关键词: 奶牛; 病原菌; 耐药机制; 控制技术

Abstract:

At present, the usual and effective method of treating the cow disease caused by pathogens is still antimicrobials. The irrational use of antimicrobials makes bacteria produce resistance, and has become a global problem. The main pathogens of dairy cows include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli and so on, which show a trend of multiple drug resistance. It not only brings great challenges for the clinical treatment of dairy cow, but also gives a threat to human health. Antimicrobial resistance is far more than the speed of people developing antimicrobials. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the efficacy of existing antimicrobials for treating infections. On the one hand, we should master the bacterial resistance mechanism, such as bacterial molecular resistance mechanism, antibiotic efflux mechanism or reducing the intake mechanism, biofilm, so as to help us find the adequate therapeutics; On the other hand, taking different measures to reduce the emergence bacterial resistance, such as plasmid elimination, antibiotic substitutes, the development of efficient and safe antimicrobials, clinical rational drug (combined treatment) and so on. This article reviews dairy cow's main pathogen resistance, drug resistance mechanism, drug resistance control technology and make a prospect for this. It would provide reference for reducing the drug resistance, regulating the use of antimicrobials and improving the therapeutic effect.

Key words: dairy cow; pathogen; drug resistance mechanism; control technology

中图分类号:

S858.23

华伟毅, 陈孝杰, 刘义明, 徐飞, 李秀波. 奶牛主要病原菌耐药性及控制技术研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2017, 44(12): 3634-3641.

HUA Wei-yi, CHEN Xiao-jie, LIU Yi-ming, XU Fei, LI Xiu-bo. Research Progress on Main Pathogen Resistance of Dairy Cows and Control Technology[J]. , 2017, 44(12): 3634-3641.

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