基于D-loop区多态性分析新疆地区7个哈萨克牛群体遗传结构和母系起源

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】利用线粒体DNA (mtNDA) D-loop区序列多态性作为标记，探究新疆7个哈萨克牛群体间遗传结构和母系起源，为新疆黄牛品种合理利用和生物多样性保护提供资料。【方法】采集哈萨克牛血液提取DNA，测定179头哈萨克牛个体mtDNA D-loop序列，利用SnapGene软件对所获序列与参考序列进行比对、校正，确定mtDNA D-loop区序列的长度和位置，并统计碱基含量；利用DnaSP 5.10软件统计哈萨克牛种群单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点，并计算单倍型数(H)、核苷酸多样性(Pi)、单倍型多样度(Hd)等参数；利用Arlequin 3.0软件分析哈萨克牛种群的遗传结构；采用Mega 11.0软件计算mtDNA D-loop区哈萨克牛种群的遗传距离，并构建Neighbor-Joining (NJ)系统进化树。【结果】哈萨克牛群体mtDNA D-loop区全序列长909～911 bp，其A、G、T、C 4种碱基平均含量分别为32.8%、13.8%、28.8%和24.6%，AT含量高于GC含量，179个个体共检测到131个SNPs，其中变异位点占所测核苷酸全长的14.40%，定义了89种单倍型，Hd和Pi分别为0.974和0.01288，表明哈萨克牛群体的遗传多样性十分丰富。分子变异分析结果表明，97.13%的变异属于群体内，2.87%则来自群体间变异，遗传距离为0.0109～0.0186，群体间遗传分化指数(Fst)为―0.0053～0.0782，且均无显著分化(P＞0.05)。系统发生树显示，新疆地区7个哈萨克牛群体有普通牛和瘤牛两大母系起源。【结论】新疆地区哈萨克牛源于两个母系，遗传多样性丰富。尽管群体间存在遗传分化，但并未形成明显的地理隔离，且遗传结构差异正在缩小。本研究结果为保护和利用哈萨克牛遗传资源提供了理论依据。

关键词: 哈萨克牛; 线粒体DNA D-loop区; 遗传多样性; 系统进化

Abstract: 【Objective】 Mitochondrial DNA (mtNDA) D-loop sequence polymorphism was used as a marker to explore the genetic structure and maternal origin of 7 Kazakh cattle populations in Xinjiang,so as to provide basic data for the rational utilization and biodiversity protection of Xinjiang cattle breeds.【Method】 DNA was extracted from the blood of 179 Kazakh cattle,and the mtDNA D-loop sequence was determined,SnapGene software was used to compare and correct the sequencing sequence with the reference sequence to determine the length and position of the mtDNA D-loop region sequence,and the base content was counted.DnaSP 5.10 software was used to statistically analyze and calculate the parameters of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP),number of haplotypes (H),nucleotide diversity (Pi) and haplotype diversity (Hd),respectively.The genetic structure of Kazakh cattle population was analyzed by Arlequin 3.0 software.The genetic distance of Kazakh cattle population in mtDNA D-loop region was calculated by Mega 11.0 software,and the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed.【Result】 The complete sequence of mtDNA D-loop region in Kazakh cattle population was 909-911 bp,the average contents of A,G,T and C were 32.8%,13.8%,28.8% and 24.6%,respectively.The content of AT was higher than that of GC.A total of 131 SNPs were detected in 179 individuals,of which the variation sites accounted for 14.40% of the total length of the measured nucleotides,and 89 haplotypes were defined,Hd and Pi were 0.974 and 0.01288,respectively,indicating that the genetic diversity of Kazakh cattle population was very rich.The results of molecular variation analysis showed that 97.13% of the variation was within the population,2.87% was from the variation between populations,and the genetic distance ranged from 0.0109 to 0.0186,the genetic differentiation index (Fst) ranged from ―0.0053 to 0.0782,and there was no significant differentiation (P＞0.05).Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 7 Kazakh cattle populations in Xinjiang had two maternal origins:Common cattle and zebu cattle.【Conclusion】 Kazakh cattle in Xinjiang were derived from two maternal lines and had rich genetic diversity.Although there was genetic differentiation between populations,while there was no obvious geographical isolation,and the differences in genetic structure were narrowing.The results provided a theoretical reference for conservation and utilization of Kazakh cattle genetic resources.

Key words: Kazakh cattle; mtDNA D-loop; genetic diversity; systematic evolution

中图分类号:

S813.3

王盼盼, 沙拉玛提·波代, 巴合提·博代, 李振伟, 吾热力哈孜·哈孜汗. 基于D-loop区多态性分析新疆地区7个哈萨克牛群体遗传结构和母系起源[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1166-1179.

WANG Panpan, SHARAMATI·Bodai, BAKHET·Bodai, LI Zhenwei, ORALHAZI·Hazikhan. Analysis of Genetic Structure and Maternal Origin of Seven Kazakh Cattle Populations in Xinjiang Based on D-loop Polymorphism[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1166-1179.

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