猪圆环病毒遗传与宿主多样性研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.02.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 猪圆环病毒(Porcine circoviruses，PCV)是目前已知进化速率最快的单链DNA病毒之一，可分为4个基因型(PCV1～PCV4)，其中PCV2进化速率达1.2×10^-3替代/位点/年，已接近RNA病毒。PCV4是新发现的基因型，与其他PCVs基因组的相似性为43.2%～51.5%。PCV1不具有致病性，其余基因型可感染各年龄段猪，引起具有多种临床表现的免疫抑制相关疾病，已成为制约当代养猪业发展的最重要因素之一。现有研究表明，PCVs不仅在猪群中广泛存在且有高度传染性，在反刍动物、啮齿动物、犬科动物、节肢动物和其他物种中被频繁检测出，具有跨物种传播的风险，需引起高度重视。为更深入地了解PCVs的进化及跨物种传播潜力，笔者总结了PCVs在不同物种中的检出情况及潜在传播途径，为揭示其进化、宿主适应性研究和防控策略提供参考。

关键词: 猪圆环病毒(PCV); 遗传进化; 宿主多样性; 致病性

Abstract: Porcine circoviruse (PCV) is one of the fastest single-stranded DNA viruses known to evolve,and can be classified into four genotypes (PCV1 to PCV4),of which PCV2 has an evolutionary rate of 1.2×10^-3 substitutions/sites/year,which is close to that of RNA viruses.PCV4 is a newly identified genotype with 43.2% to 51.5% similarity to the genomes of other PCVs.PCV1 is not pathogenic,and the remaining genotypes can infect pigs of all ages,causing immunosuppression-related diseases with various clinical manifestations,which has become one of the most important factors constraining the development of contemporary pig farming.Available studies have shown that PCVs are widespread and highly contagious in swine and frequently detected in ruminants,rodents,canines,arthropods and other species,posing a risk of cross-species transmission and warranting great attention.To gain a deeper understanding of the evolution,origin and cross-species transmission potential of PCVs,the authors summarize the detection of PCVs in different species and the potential transmission pathways,which will provide a reference for revealing their evolution,host adaptation studies and prevention and control strategies.

Key words: Porcine circovirus (PCV); genetic evolution; host diversity; pathogenicity

中图分类号:

S852.65⁺1

白一涵, 王东亮. 猪圆环病毒遗传与宿主多样性研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(2): 832-843.

BAI Yihan, WANG Dongliang. Research Progress on Genetic and Host Diversity of Porcine Circoviruses[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 832-843.

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