小麦粉碎粒度对肉公鸡生长性能、肠道形态、消化酶活性及血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.06.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究小麦粉碎粒度对1~20日龄817肉公鸡生长性能、肠道形态、消化酶活性及血清生化指标的影响。【方法】选取1日龄817肉鸡(公)360只,按体重无差异原则随机分为3个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组为玉米-豆粕型饲粮,2个试验组(1.5 mm和2.5 mm组)饲粮添加小麦和非淀粉多糖酶,小麦添加量为25％,分别通过1.5和2.5 mm孔径的筛片粉碎。试验期为20 d,20日龄时测定肉鸡生长性能;采集肠道组织与内容物、胰腺组织及肉鸡血液,测定肠道组织形态、消化酶活性及血清生化指标。【结果】与对照组相比,①1.5、2.5 mm组肉鸡生长性能均无显著差异(P＞0.05),但1.5 mm组肉鸡终末体重与平均日增重显著高于2.5 mm组(P＜0.05);②两个试验组肉鸡肠道形态均显著改善(P＜0.05),且1.5 mm组改善效果优于2.5 mm组;③1.5 mm组肉鸡十二指肠α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶和空肠胰蛋白酶活性均显著提高(P＜0.05),2.5 mm组肉鸡十二指肠α-淀粉酶和空肠胰蛋白酶活性均显著提高(P＜0.05),十二指肠脂肪酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05);1.5 mm组肉鸡空肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于2.5 mm组(P＜0.05);④1.5 mm组肉鸡血清总胆固醇含量显著下降(P＜0.05),2.5 mm组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性均显著上升(P＜0.05);1.5 mm组血清总胆固醇含量、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性均显著低于2.5 mm组(P＜0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,饲粮中用不同粉碎粒度的小麦替代玉米(25％替代)对1~20日龄817肉公鸡无不良影响,小麦粉碎粒度为1.5 mm时,肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态、消化酶活性及血清生化指标最佳。

关键词: 小麦; 粉碎粒度; 817肉鸡; 生长性能; 肠道形态

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of wheat particle size on growth performance,intestinal morphology,digesta enzyme activities and serum biochemical indices of 817 broilers aged 1-20 days.【Method】 A total of 360 1-day-old 817 broilers (male) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 chickens per replicate according to the principle of no difference in body weight.The broilers in control group were fed corn-soybean meal diet,and in two experimental groups (1.5 and 2.5 mm groups) were fed diets supplemented with wheat and non-starch polysaccharide enzyme,and the wheat supplemental amount was 25%,and were crushed by 1.5 and 2.5 mm screen size respectively.The trial lasted for 20 d. At 20 days of age,the growth performance of broilers was measured,intestinal tissues and contents,pancreatic tissues and blood of broilers were collected,intestinal morphology,digestive enzyme activity and serum biochemical indexes were determined.【Result】 Compared with the control group,①There were no significant differences in growth performance of broilers in 1.5 and 2.5 mm groups (P＞0.05),but the final body weight and average daily gain of broilers in 1.5 mm group were significantly higher than those in 2.5 mm group (P＜0.05).②The intestinal morphology of broilers in two experimental groups was significantly improved (P＜0.05),and the improvement effect in 1.5 mm group was better than that in 2.5 mm group. ③The activities of duodenal α-amylase,lipase and jejunal trypsin in 1.5 mm group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),the activities of duodenal α-amylase and jejunal trypsin in 2.5 mm group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the activities of duodenal lipase were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The jejunal trypsin activity in 1.5 mm group was significantly higher than that in 2.5 mm group (P＜0.05).④The serum total cholesterol content of broilers in 1.5 mm group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in 2.5 mm group were significantly increased (P＜0.05);Serum total cholesterol content,alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities in 1.5 mm group were significantly lower than those in 2.5 mm group (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment,replacing corn with different particle size of wheat (25％ replacement) had no adverse effect on 817 broilers aged 1-20 days.When the particle size of wheat was 1.5 mm,the growth performance,intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical indexes of broilers were the best.

Key words: wheat; particle size; 817 broilers; growth performance; intestinal morphology

中图分类号:

S816.34

欧建存, 陈志永, 岑明珠, 郑朝军, 丘婷, 张辉华. 小麦粉碎粒度对肉公鸡生长性能、肠道形态、消化酶活性及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(6): 2418-2428.

OU Jiancun, CHEN Zhiyong, CEN Mingzhu, ZHENG Chaojun, QIU Ting, ZHANG Huihua. Effects of Wheat Particle Size on Growth Performance,Intestinal Morphology, Digesta Enzyme Activities and Serum Biochemical Indices of Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(6): 2418-2428.

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