蚯蚓液对高温环境下番鸭生长性能、血清热应激指标、激素水平及肠道功能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在探究高温环境下蚯蚓液在番鸭健康养殖中的应用效果。【方法】选择16日龄健康番鸭360只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮的基础上添加1.5%和2.5%的蚯蚓液,自由采食饮水,试验期55 d,采集番鸭血清和肠组织,并测定番鸭的生长性能、血清热休克蛋白70 mRNA表达水平、激素水平(三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸、皮质酮、皮质醇)、肠形态学指标(绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛宽度、绒腺比值和绒毛表面积)以及肠道屏障相关指标(二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸、内毒素)。【结果】高温环境下,与对照组相比,①饲粮中添加1.5%、2.5%蚯蚓液极显著提高番鸭21~42、16~70日龄的平均日增重(P＜0.01),显著降低21~42日龄的料重比(P＜0.05),极显著降低16~70日龄的料重比(P＜0.01);2.5%蚯蚓液显著降低番鸭42~70日龄的料重比(P＜0.05)。②1.5%和2.5%蚯蚓液极显著降低了42和70日龄番鸭血清热休克蛋白70 mRNA表达水平(P＜0.01)。③42日龄时,1.5%蚯蚓液极显著提高番鸭血清皮质醇水平(P＜0.01);2.5%蚯蚓液显著降低番鸭血清三碘甲腺原氨酸水平(P＜0.05)、极显著降低四碘甲腺原氨酸水平(P＜0.01)、显著升高皮质酮水平(P＜0.05);70日龄时,1.5%蚯蚓液极显著降低番鸭血清皮质酮水平(P＜0.01),2.5%蚯蚓液显著降低番鸭血清三碘甲腺原氨酸、皮质醇水平(P＜0.05),极显著提高四碘甲腺原氨酸水平(P＜0.01)。④1.5%蚯蚓液使番鸭肠道的肌层厚度和淋巴细胞阳性率极显著升高(P＜0.01);2.5%蚯蚓液使番鸭肠道的绒毛高度和肌层厚度极显著升高(P＜0.01)。⑤42日龄时,1.5%、2.5%蚯蚓液极显著提高番鸭血清二胺氧化酶活性(P＜0.01);70日龄时,1.5%蚯蚓液极显著降低番鸭血清内毒素水平(P＜0.01);2.5%蚯蚓液极显著降低番鸭血清二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸、内毒素水平(P＜0.01)。【结论】在饲粮中添加蚯蚓液有助于提高番鸭生长性能,增加抗热应激能力,可用于高温环境下番鸭的健康养殖。

关键词: 蚯蚓液; 高温; 生长性能; 热应激指标; 激素; 肠道功能

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to explore the application effect of earthworm hydrolysate in Muscovy duck healthy culture under high temperature environment.【Method】 A total of 360 healthy Muscovy ducks were randomly divided into 3 groups (6 replicates per each group,20 ducks per replicate).The Muscovy ducks in control group were fed the basal diet,and in test groups were fed with basal diet that supplemented with 1.5% and 2.5% earthworm hydrolysate,respectively.The test period was 55 days.The growth performance,heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA expression,hormone levels (triiodothyronine,tetraiodothyronine,corticosterone,cortisol) in serum,intestinal morphological parameters (villi height,crypt depth,villi width,villi height/crypt depth ratio and surface area of villi) and intestinal barrier-related parameters (diamine oxidase,D-lactate,lipopolysaccharide) of Muscovy ducks were measured.【Result】 Under high temperature environment,compared with the control group,① 1.5% and 2.5% earthworm hydrolysate boosted the average daily gain (ADG) of Muscovy ducks at 21-42 and 16-70 d (P＜0.01),decreased the feed conversation ratio(F/G) at 21-42 d (P＜0.05),and reduced the F/G at 16-70 d (P＜0.01).2.5% earthworm hydrolysate markedly decreased the F/G of Muscovy ducks at 42-70 d (P＜0.05).②1.5% and 2.5% earthworm hydrolysate decreased the mRNA level of HSP70 in Muscovy ducks at 42 and 70 days old (P＜0.01).③At 42 days old,1.5% earthworm hydrolysate increased the level of cortisol in Muscovy ducks (P＜0.01),and 2.5% earthworm hydrolysate decreased the levels of triiodothyronine (P＜0.05) and tetraiodothyronine (P＜0.01),and increased the level of corticosterone (P＜0.05) in Muscovy ducks.At 70 days old,1.5% earthworm solution decreased the level of corticosterone (P＜0.01),2.5% earthworm hydrolysate decreased the levels of triiodothyronine and cortisol (P＜0.05),and increased the level of tetraiodothyronine (P＜0.01) in Muscovy ducks.④1.5% earthworm hydrolysate increased the intestinal thickness and intraepithelial lymphocyte of Muscovy ducks (P＜0.01),2.5% earthworm hydrolysate increased the villi length and intestinal thickness of Muscovy ducks (P＜0.01).⑤At 42 days old,1.5% and 2.5% earthworm hydrolysate increased the activity of diamine oxidase in Muscovy ducks (P＜0.01).At 70 days old,1.5% earthworm hydrolysate decreased the serum level of LPS in Muscovy ducks (P＜0.01),and 2.5% earthworm hydrolysate decreased the activity of diamine oxidase,the levels of D-lactate and LPS in serum of Muscovy ducks (P＜0.01).【Conclusion】 Dietary earthworm hydrolysate could improve the growth performance of Muscovy ducks,increase the ability to resist heat stress.It could be used for healthy breeding of Muscovy ducks under high temperature environment.

Key words: earthworm hydrolysate; high temperature; growth performance; heat stress index; hormone; intestinal function

中图分类号:

S816.75

雷小文, 刘珍妮, 孔智伟, 谭东海, 成笛, 张强, 李建军, 连海, 郭海宁, 钟云平. 蚯蚓液对高温环境下番鸭生长性能、血清热应激指标、激素水平及肠道功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(12): 4826-4836.

LEI Xiaowen, LIU Zhenni, KONG Zhiwei, TAN Donghai, CHENG Di, ZHANG Qiang, LI Jianjun, LIAN Hai, GUO Haining, ZHONG Yunping. Effects of Earthworm Hydrolysate on Growth Performance,Heat Stress Index, Hormone Levels in Serum and Intestinal Function of Muscovy Ducks Under High Temperature Environment[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(12): 4826-4836.

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