基于线粒体Cytb基因的贵州野猪(Sus scrofa) 群体遗传多样性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.07.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评估贵州地区野猪（Sus scrofa）的遗传多样性和遗传结构，为进一步开展保护遗传学研究和种群生态管理提供理论依据，进而为研究野猪的保护生物学及其对环境的适应奠定基础。【方法】对野猪线粒体Cytb基因进行PCR扩增及测序，结合从GenBank中下载的国内其他9个地区的55条野猪线粒体Cytb基因序列，利用Mega 7.0软件进行碱基组成和遗传距离分析，并使用DnaSP 6.0软件进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】贵州野猪Cytb基因（1 140 bp）碱基组成与其他地区野猪种群相似，AT含量高于GC含量；贵州采集的11头野猪的Cytb基因共有6个变异位点，4种单倍型，单倍型多样性为0.600，核苷酸多样性为0.00118；单倍型多样性与核苷酸多样性仅高于江西和东北地区的野猪种群；种内遗传距离较小，亲缘关系较近；中性检验Tajima’s D值和Fu’s Fs值均为负值且差异不显著，错配分布分析呈单峰分布，表明贵州野猪种群在历史上较为稳定。使用Network构建单倍型网络图，结合Mega 7.0软件构建的单倍型系统发育树分析结果表明，贵州野猪单倍型与其他地区种群存在共享单倍型（Hap_1和Hap_10）。【结论】贵州野猪种群正历经种群扩张阶段，但种群遗传多样性低于全国多个地区的野猪种群，种群内遗传距离较小，与国内其他地区种群间遗传距离适中，因此，应加强对其种群遗传多样性的保护管理。

关键词: 野猪; 线粒体基因组; Cytb基因; 遗传多样性; 系统进化

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Sus scrofa in Guizhou,so as to provide theoretical basis for further conservation genetics research and population ecological management,and then lay a foundation of the research of Sus scrofa conservation biology and its adaptation to the environment.【Method】 The mitochondrial Cytb gene of Sus scrofa was amplified by PCR and sequenced.Combined with 55 mitochondrial Cytb gene sequences of Sus scrofa downloaded from GenBank in other 9 regions in China,Mega 7.0 software was used for base composition and genetic distance analysis,and DNAsp6 software was used for genetic diversity analysis.【Result】 The ratio of Cytb gene (1 140 bp) of Sus scrofa in Guizhou was similar with other region,and AT content was higher than GC content.The 11 sequences had 6 variation sites and 4 haplotypes.The haplotype diversity was 0.600,and the nucleotide diversity was 0.00118.Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were only higher than those of Sus scrofa populations in Jiangxi and Northeastern region.The genetic distance within species was small,and the genetic relationship was close.The neutral test Tajima's D and Fu's Fs values were negative,and the difference was not significant.The mismatch distribution analysis showed a unimodal distribution,it showed that Sus scrofa population in Guizhou was relatwely stable in history.The haplotype diagram was constructed using Network,and the analysis of haplotype phylogenetic tree constructed by Mega 7.0,which showed the haplotypes of Sus scrofa in Guizhou were shared with populations reported in other region (Hap_1 and Hap_10).【Conclusion】 This study concluded that Sus scrofa population in Guizhou was experiencing an expansion phase,but the population genetic diversity was lower than the populations in other region in China,the genetic distance of intrapopulation was small,and moderate comparing with the populations from other region in China.Therefore,the conservation management on genetic biodiversity of Sus scrofa in Guizhou should be paid more attention.

Key words: Sus scrofa; mitochondrial genome; Cytb gene; genetic diversity; phylogenetic

中图分类号:

S813.3

彭彩淳, 李斌强, 王野影, 粟海军. 基于线粒体Cytb基因的贵州野猪(Sus scrofa) 群体遗传多样性分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(7): 2601-2612.

PENG Caichun, LI Binqiang, WANG Yeying, SU Haijun. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Sus scrofa Population in Guizhou Based on Mitochondrial CytbGene[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(7): 2601-2612.

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