植物多糖对动物肠道的保护作用及其分子机制

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.01.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肠道是营养物质消化吸收的主要部位，但易受外界环境刺激引起病理变化。动物肠道疾病的多发严重影响着动物的生长发育过程，增加动物的饲养成本，对养殖业的经济效益造成巨大冲击。虽然抗生素是缓解肠道疾病发生发展的有效策略，但因其耐药性以及药物残留等问题让人们不得不开发新的环境友好型替代产品。植物多糖广泛存在于自然界的植物中，具有高效、无毒副作用、无残留等特点。植物多糖作为绿色饲料添加剂，在保护动物肠道健康、提高动物生长性能方面发挥重要作用，其主要通过调控核因子-κB（nuclear factor kappaB，NF-κB）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase，MAPK）、Janus激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子（Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription，JAK/STAT）、转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β）、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B（phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B，PI3K/Akt）等信号通路来充分发挥肠道各屏障的生理功能以及加强各屏障之间的相互联系，预防动物肠道疾病发生，调节肠道炎症水平，维持肠道微生物区系平衡，提升机体抗氧化能力，增强动物机体免疫性能，进而在一定程度上改善畜产品品质，提升动物创造的经济价值。作者综述了植物多糖对动物肠道的保护作用及其分子机制，并阐述了其在动物生产实践中的应用及取得的效果，旨在为植物多糖在动物生产中的应用提供参考。

关键词: 植物多糖; 肠道炎症; 肠道屏障; 分子机制

Abstract: The intestinal tract is the main part of digestion and absorption of nutrients, but it is easy to be stimulated by the external environment to cause pathological changes. The frequent occurrence of animal intestinal diseases seriously affects the growth and development process of animals, increases the feeding cost of animals, and has a huge impact on the economic benefits of breeding industry. Although antibiotics are an effective strategy to alleviate the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases, people have to develop new environment-friendly treatments because of their drug resistance and drug residues. Plant polysaccharides widely exist in plants in nature, and have the characteristics of high efficiency, non-toxic side effects and no residue. As a green feed additive, plant polysaccharides can prevent intestinal diseases and improve animal production performance. It is mainly through the regulation of nuclear factor-κB(nuclear factor kappaB, NF-κB), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and other signaling pathways to give full play to the physiological function of intestinal barrier, strengthen the interaction between various barriers, prevent animal intestinal diseases, regulate the level of intestinal inflammation, maintain the balance of intestinal microflora, enhance the body's antioxidant capacity and the immune function of animal body, and then, improve the quality of animal products to a certain extent, enhance the economic value created by animals. In this paper, the authors summarize the protective effects of plant polysaccharides on animal intestine and its molecular mechanism and expound its application and effect in animal production, in order to provide reference for the application of plant polysaccharides in animal production.

Key words: plant polysaccharides; intestinal inflammation; intestinal barrier; molecular mechanism

中图分类号:

S816.7

毛欣雨, 梁慧, 王行, 董娜. 植物多糖对动物肠道的保护作用及其分子机制[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(1): 150-160.

MAO Xinyu, LIANG Hui, WANG Hang, DONG Na. Protective Effects of Plant Polysaccharides on Animal Intestine and Its Molecular Mechanism[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(1): 150-160.

参考文献

[1] 高小莉,黄晓宇,杨巧丽,等.长链非编码RNA在畜禽肠道疾病中的研究进展[J].农业生物技术学报,2020,28(6):1073-1083. GAO X L,HUANG X Y,YANG Q L,et al.Research progress of long non-coding RNA in intestinal diseases of livestock and poultry[J].Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology,2020,28(6):1073-1083.(in Chinese)
[2] 易宏波.抗菌肽CWA对断奶仔猪肠道炎症和肠道屏障功能的作用及其机制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016. YI H B.Effects and mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide CWA on intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier functions in weaned piglets[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016.(in Chinese)
[3] CHENG Y,YANG C,TAN Z L,et al.Changes of intestinal oxidative stress,inflammation,and gene expression in neonatal diarrhoea kids[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2021,8:598691.
[4] HELLER M C,CHIGERWE M.Diagnosis and treatment of infectious enteritis in neonatal and juvenile ruminants[J].Veterinary Clinics of North America-food Animal Practice,2018,34(1):101-117.
[5] REN Y,BAI Y,ZHANG Z,et al.The preparation and structure analysis methods of natural polysaccharides of plants and fungi:A review of recent development[J].Molecules,2019,24(17):3122.
[6] YU Y,SHEN M,SONG Q Q,et al.Biological activities and pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharide from natural resources:A review[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2018,183:91-101.
[7] YIN M,ZHANG Y,LI H.Advances in research on immunoregulation of macrophages by plant polysaccharides[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2019,10:145.
[8] YANG C M,HAN Q J,WANG K L,et al.Astragalus and ginseng polysaccharides improve developmental,intestinal morphological,and immune functional characters of weaned piglets[J].Frontiers in Physiology,2019,10:418.
[9] 王义翠,刘延鑫,孙宇,等.不同水平黄芪多糖对早期断奶犊牛生长性能及抗氧化能力的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018,20:151-153. WANG Y C,LIU Y X,SUN Y,et al.Effects of different levels of Astragalus polysaccharides on growth performance andantioxidant capacity in early weaned calves[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2018,20:151-153.(in Chinese)
[10] 谭西,周欣,陈华国.植物多糖构效关系研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2017,42(21):4104-4109. TAN X,ZHOU X,CHEN H G.Structure-activity relationship of plant polysaccharides[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2017,42(21):4104-4109.(in Chinese)
[11] 杨小军,王筱霏,尹瑞卿,等.功能性多糖与家禽肠道黏膜免疫调控的构效关系[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(7):1089-1093. YANG X J,WANG X F,YIN R Q,et al.Interactions between the structure of polysaccharides and its modulation on intestinal immune responses in poultry[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(7):1089-1093.(in Chinese)
[12] 解玉怀,尚庆辉,古丽美娜,等.饲料添加剂植物多糖的生物学作用[J].草业科学,2016,33(3):503-511. XIE Y H,SHANG Q H,GU L M N,et al.The biological functions of phytogenic polysaccharides as feed additives[J].Pratacultural Science,2016,33(3):503-511.(in Chinese)
[13] KHOSHBIN K,CAMILLERI M.Effects of dietary components on intestinal permeability in health and disease[J].American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2020,319(5):G589-G608.
[14] GLEESON J P,ESTRADA H Q,YAMASHITA M,et al.Development of physiologically responsive human iPSC-derived intestinal epithelium to study barrier dysfunction in IBD[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2020,21(4):1438.
[15] REES W D,SLY L M,STEINER T S.How do immune and mesenchymal cells influence the intestinal epithelial cell compartment in inflammatory bowel disease? Let's crosstalk about it![J]. Journal of Leukocyte Biology,2020,108(1):309-321.
[16] ZONG X,XIAO X,KAI L X,et al.Atractylodis macrocephalae polysaccharides protect against DSS-induced intestinal injury through a novel lncRNA ITSN1-OT1[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2021,167(5):76-84.
[17] WU Y J,JIANG H H,ZHU E,et al.Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide facilitates restoration of injured intestinal mucosal immunity in Muscovy duck reovirus-infected Muscovy ducklings[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2018,107(Pt A):1151-1161.
[18] 谢红兵,邹云,刘丽莉,等.植物多糖对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜形态及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2019,39(1):150-157. XIE H B,ZOU Y,LIU L L,et al.Effects of plant polysaccharides on the morphology of intestinal mucosa and intestinal mucosal barrier function of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2019,39(1):150-157.(in Chinese)
[19] PAONE P,CANI P D.Mucus barrier,mucins and gut microbiota:The expected slimy partners?[J].Gut,2020,69(12):2232-2243.
[20] LI J J,ZHANG L,LI Y F,et al.Puerarin improves intestinal barrier function through enhancing goblet cells and mucus barrier[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2020,75:104246.
[21] 杨松巍,王亮,李虎进,等.IL-18通过下调KLF4阻碍杯状细胞发育加剧小鼠溃疡性结肠炎[J].重庆医科大学学报,2020,45(9):91-95. YANG S W,WANG L,LI H J,et al.IL-18 inhibits the development of goblet cells by down-regulating KLF4 and exacerbates ulcerative colitis in mice[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2020,45(9):91-95.(in Chinese)
[22] XIE S Z,LIU B,YE H Y,et al.Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide regionally regulates intestinal mucosal barrier function and intestinal microbiota in mice[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2018,206:149-162.
[23] WANG Q,WANG X F,XING T,et al.The combined impact of xylo-oligosaccharides and gamma-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on growth performance and intestinal mucosal barrier function of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(3):100909.
[24] 郭佳裕,孟娟,杜锦辉.甘草泻心汤对抗生素诱导肠道菌群失调小鼠肠道主要菌群及sIgA的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2019,31(11):1246-1249. GUO J Y,MENG J,DU J H.Effect of Gancao Xiexin decoction on main intestinal flora and sIgA in mice with antibiotic-induced intestinal flora imbalance[J].Chinese Journal of Microecology,2019,31(11):1246-1249.(in Chinese)
[25] NAGAFUSA H,SAYAMA K.Age-related chemokine alterations affect IgA secretion and gut immunity in female mice[J].Biogerontology,2020,21(5):609-618.
[26] LIAO L Y,LI J,LI J,et al.Effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on intestinal morphology and intestinal immune cells of Muscovy ducklings infected with Muscovy duck reovirus[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(1):64-72.
[27] ZHOU R R,HE D,XIE J,et al.The synergistic effects of polysaccharides and ginsenosides from american ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) ameliorating cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal immune disorders and gut barrier dysfunctions based on microbiome-metabolomics analysis[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2021,12:665901.
[28] FENG W W,LIU J,TAN Y Z,et al.Polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.Ameliorate ulcerative colitis via extensive modification of gut microbiota and host metabolism[J].Food Research International,2020,138:109777.
[29] HO DO M,SEO Y S,PARK H Y.Polysaccharides:Bowel health and gut microbiota[J].Critical Reviews in Food Science And Nutrition,2021,61(7):1212-1224.
[30] WANG J,FENG W W,ZHANG S Y,et al.Gut microbial modulation in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea with Shenzhu Capsule[J].BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2019,19(1):126.
[31] RAMOS G P,PAPADAKIS K A.Mechanisms of disease:Inflammatory bowel diseases[J].Mayo Clinic Proceedings,2019,94(1):155-165.
[32] TANG C,DING R X,SUN J,et al.The impacts of natural polysaccharides on intestinal microbiota and immune responses——A review[J].Food & Function,2019,10(5):2290-2312.
[33] REN Y L,GENG Y,DU Y,et al.Polysaccharide of Hericium erinaceus attenuates colitis in C57BL/6 mice via regulation of oxidative stress,inflammation-related signaling pathways and modulating the composition of the gut microbiota[J].Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2018,57:67-76.
[34] 张金洲,苗志国,赵伟鑫,等.山药多糖对仔猪生长性能与肠道菌群的影响[J].中国饲料,2020,23:57-61. ZHANG J Z,MIAO Z G,ZHAO W X,et al.Effect of yam polysaccharide on growth performance and intestinal microflora of piglets[J].China Feed,2020,23:57-61.(in Chinese)
[35] ZHAO D,DAI W J,TAO H,et al.Polysaccharide isolated from Auricularia auricular-judae (Bull.) prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through modulating the composition of the gut microbiota[J].Journal of Food Science,2020,85(9):2943-2951.
[36] 徐永杰,张波,张祎腾.牛蒡多糖的提取及对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用[J].食品科学,2009, 30(23):428-431. XU Y J,ZHANG B,ZHANG Y T.Extraction and modulation on mouse normal intestinal microflora of burdock polysaccharide[J].Food Science,2009,30(23):428-431.(in Chinese)
[37] HAO Y T,WANG X D,YUAN S J,et al.Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide improves C57BL/6 mice gut health through regulation of intestine microbial metabolic activity[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2021,167:1308-1318.
[38] WANG F,BAO Y F,SI J J,et al.The Beneficial effects of a polysaccharide from moringa oleifera leaf on gut microecology in mice[J].Journal of Medicinal Food,2019,22(9):907-918.
[39] LI Y H,WANG S,SUN Y,et al.Apple polysaccharide protects ICR mice against colitis associated colorectal cancer through the regulation of microbial dysbiosis[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2020,230:115726.
[40] NIU X Y,SHANG H Q,CHEN S Y,et al.Effects of Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharides on intestinal microenvironment and colitis in mice[J].Food & Function,2021,12(1):252-266.
[41] 克里斯,郭建状,冯澜,等.马齿苋多糖对衰老小鼠肠道微生态调节作用的研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,2012,24(3):233-235. KRIS,GUO J Z,FENG L,et al. The role of Portulaca oleracea polysaccharide in regulating intestinal micro flora in aged mice[J].Chinese Journal of Microecology,2012,24(3):233-235.(in Chinese)
[42] 石丹,张宇.蒲公英多糖对小鼠肠道微生态的调节作用[J].微生物学免疫学进展,2016,44(3):49-53. SHI D,ZHANG Y.The regulation effect of dandelion polysaccharide on the intestinal microecology of mice[J].Progress in Microbiology and Immunology,2016,44(3):49-53.(in Chinese)
[43] CHEN Q Q,REN R R,ZHANG Q Q,et al.Coptis chinensis Franch polysaccharides provide a dynamically regulation on intestinal microenvironment,based on the intestinal flora and mucosal immunity[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2021,267:113542.
[44] 李瑶,黄金莉,黄娟,等.肠道菌群与肠道屏障互作在炎症性肠病中的作用研究进展[J].胃肠病学和肝病学杂志,2021,30(1):10-15. LI Y,HUANG J L,HUANG J,et al.Research progress on the interaction of intestinal flora and intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease[J].Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,2021,30(1):10-15.(in Chinese)
[45] FENG W W,AO H,PENG C.Gut microbiota,short-chain fatty acids,and herbal medicines[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2018,9:1354.
[46] 邱霞,张健,李可昌,等.肠道菌群与植物多糖相关性研究进展[J].中国食物与营养,2021,27(1):54-57. QIU X,ZHANG J,LI K C,et al.Research progress on the correlation between intestinal flora and plant polysaccharides[J].Food and Nutrition in China,2021,27(1):54-57.(in Chinese)
[47] GU W,WANG Y F,ZENG L X,et al.Polysaccharides from polygonatum kingianum improve glucose and lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,2020,125:109910.
[48] WU S J.Effect of dietary Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide on the growth performance and immunity of juvenile broilers[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(10):3489-3493.
[49] LONG L N,KANG B J,JIANG Q,et al.Effects of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on growth performance,digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant status,and immunity of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2020,99(2):744-751.
[50] LONG L N,ZHANG H H,WANG F,et al.Research note:Effects of polysaccharide-enriched Acanthopanax senticosus extract on growth performance,immune function,antioxidation,and ileal microbial populations in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(4):101028.
[51] SHA Z,SHANG H Q,MIAO Y Q,et al.Polysaccharides from Pinus massoniana pollen improve intestinal mucosal immunity in chickens[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(2):507-516.
[52] CHEN J S,LONG L N,JIANG Q,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on growth performance,immune status,antioxidant capacity and selected microbial populations of weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Physiology And Animal Nutrition,2020,104(4):1106-1115.
[53] DONG N,LI X R,XUE C Y,et al.Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates LPS-induced inflammation via the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway[J].Journal of Cellular Physiology,2020,235(7-8):5525-5540.
[54] KAWAI T,AKIRA S.Signaling to NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptors[J].Trends in Molecular Medicine,2007,13(11):460-469.
[55] COLLINS P E,SOMMA D,KERRIGAN D,et al.The IκB-protein BCL-3 controls Toll-like receptor-induced MAPK activity by promoting TPL-2 degradation in the nucleus[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2019,116(51):25828-25838.
[56] LU P D,ZHAO Y H.Targeting NF-kappaB pathway for treating ulcerative colitis:Comprehensive regulatory characteristics of Chinese medicines[J].Chinese Medicine,2020,15:15.
[57] SHAO X,SUN C Z,TANG X,et al.Anti-inflammatory and intestinal microbiota modulation properties of Jinxiang garlic (Allium sativum L.) polysaccharides toward dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2020,68(44):12295-12309.
[58] YE J,YE C Q,HUANG Y Y,et al.Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta polysaccharide inhibits inflammatory responses through suppressing both NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathway[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2019,99(5):2329-2339.
[59] CORREA L B,SEITO L N,MANCHOPE M F,et al.Methyl gallate attenuates inflammation induced by Toll-like receptor ligands by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways[J].Inflammation Research,2020,69(12):1257-1270.
[60] XU M Y,TAO J,YANG Y D,et al.Ferroptosis involves in intestinal epithelial cell death in ulcerative colitis[J].Cell Death & Disease,2020,11(2):86.
[61] 牛佳卉,袁静,魏然,等.红枣多糖对小鼠肠道免疫屏障的保护作用及机制研究[J].食品工业科技,2021,42(4):295-300. NIU J H,YUAN J,WEI R,et al.Study on the protective effect and mechanism of Jujube polysaccharides on the intestinal immune barrier of mice[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2021,42(4):295-300.(in Chinese)
[62] QU J L,HUANG P,ZHANG L,et al.Hepatoprotective effect of plant polysaccharides from natural resources:A review of the mechanisms and structure-activity relationship[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2020,161:24-34.
[63] MENG Y,XU Y J,CHANG C,et al.Extraction,characterization and anti-inflammatory activities of an inulin-type fructan from Codonopsis pilosula[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2020,163:1677-1686.
[64] TANG S,LIU W,ZHAO Q Q,et al.Combination of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula ameliorated mice colitis and underlying mechanisms[J].Journal of Ethnopharma-cology,2020,264:113280.
[65] YANG L,LIU G,LIAN K X,et al.Dietary leonurine hydrochloride supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide challenge-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway in broilers[J].Journal of Animal Science,2019,97(4):1679-1692.
[66] MEIR M,BURKARD N,UNGEWIß H,et al.Neurotrophic factor GDNF regulates intestinal barrier function in inflammatory bowel disease[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,2019,129(7):2824-2840.
[67] MA G X,KIMATU B M,YANG W J,et al.Preparation of newly identified polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii and its anti-inflammation activities potential[J].Journal of Food Science,2020,85(9):2822-2831.
[68] ZOU Y F,ZHANG Y Y,PAULSEN B S,et al.Structural features of pectic polysaccharides from stems of two species of Radix codonopsis and their antioxidant activities[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2020,159:704-713.
[69] HU X Y,YU Q,HOU K Y,et al.Regulatory effects of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharides on LPS-induced inflammatory macrophages model and intestinal-like Caco-2/macrophages co-culture inflammation model[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2020,140:111321.
[70] ZHANG Z L,ZHANG Q P,LI F,et al.Contributions of HO-1-dependent MAPK to regulating intestinal barrier disruption[J].Biomolecules & Therapeutics,2021,29(2):175-183.
[71] XIONG W,HUANG J,LI X Y,et al.Icariin and its phosphorylated derivatives alleviate intestinal epithelial barrier disruption caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli through modulate p38 MAPK in vivo and in vitro[J].FASEB Journal,2020,34(1):1783-1801.
[72] LIU Y,ZHAO X T,LIN T T,et al.Molecular mechanisms of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill var.spinosa seeds regulating the bioavailability of spinosin and preventing colitis[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2020,163:1393-1402.
[73] CHEN Y F,ZHENG J J,QU C,et al.Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis involving modulation of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance[J].Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology,2019,47(1):757-766.
[74] ZHANG L Y,YONG W X,WANG L,et al.Astragalus polysaccharide eases G1 phase-correlative bystander effects through mediation of TGF-βR/MAPK/ROS signal pathway after carbon ion irradiation in BMSCs[J].The American Journal of Chinese Medicine,2019,47(3):595-612.